MHS

Question 0

Extraversion

Answer 0

Disposition to be outgoing, risk taking and cheerful.

Question 1

Neuroticism

Answer 1

Disposition to experience more negative feelings and low self esteem

Question 2

Openness

Answer 2

Disposition to be curious and interested in novel and unconventional things

Question 3

Agreeable

Answer 3

Disposition to be caring and modest

Question 4

Conscientiousness

Answer 4

Disposition to be organised, ambitious and dependable.

Question 5

Empathy

Answer 5

Understand patients situations, perspective and communicate that understanding, check its accuracy and act upon it.

Question 6

Locus of control

Answer 6

Perspective of who controls ones destiny.

Question 7

What does WHO define health as?

Answer 7

A complete state of wellbeing

Question 8

Health inequality

Answer 8

Difference in health status of individuals and groups

Question 9

Health inequity

Answer 9

Unfair differences that are potentially avoidable

Question 10

What did the Marmot review show?

Answer 10

Proportionate universalism: disadvantages start before birth and accumulate throughout life. Therefore action reqd. Before birth.

Question 11

What does the black report say?

Answer 11

Main cause of health inequalities is economic inequality. Death rate for social class V men 2x that of class 1

Question 12

What does the Acheson report show?

Answer 12

Inequalities between social classes. Mortality decreases across all Cl asses, but is decreasing faster in higher social classes.

Question 13

Whitehall report

Answer 13

CVD prevalence and mortality rates in male civil servants (cohort study). Lower grade had higher rates than highest.

Question 14

Examples of simple Mendelian diseases?

Answer 14

Huntingdon’s, CF, DMD

Question 15

What is simple Mendelian inheritance?

Answer 15

100% correlation between geno and phenotype.

Question 16

What is polygenic inheritance?

Answer 16

Small number of genes contribute most of the genetic risk.

Question 17

Example of polygenic disease?

Answer 17

Alzheimer’s

Question 18

Complex inheritance

Answer 18

Both genetic and environment factors. Dysfunction of one isn’t enough.

Question 19

Autosomal recessive

Answer 19

2 unaffected carrier parents- 1 in 4 chance of child being affected. If one parent is affected then child has 1 in 2. E.g. Sickle cell anaemia

Question 20

Autosomal dominant

Answer 20

Familial hypercholesterolaemia.

Question 21

X linked recessive

Answer 21

Usually only men affected. Females Re usually asymptomatic carriers. 50% of sons affected, 50% daughters carriers. All daughters of affected men are carriers and sons unaffected.

DMD, haemophilia A, red-green colourblind

Question 22

What is an RCT?

Answer 22

Gold standard, test efficacy of various interventions on a populations. Assessment for eligibility before treatment begins and group is randomly allocated to treatment or control –> bias eliminated

Question 23

Cohort study

Answer 23

Longitudinal study with analysis of risk factors. Follows a group of people who don’t have the disease. Can be split or 2 separate groups. Determines correlation between cause and effect

Question 24

Case- control

Answer 24

2 existing groups with different outcomes are compared.

Question 25

Cross sectional study

Answer 25

Data from a population, is a descriptive study

Question 26

Durkheims suicide theories

Answer 26

Egotistic- self centred Altruistic- for the good of others Anomic- social isolation Fatalistic- no choice

Question 27

Freud suicide theory

Answer 27

Psychoanalytic- motivated by unconscious intentions. The root cause is loss and rejection with a desire to self punish.

Question 28

Beck suicide theory

Answer 28

Cognitive- polarised thinking, viewing world in extreme ways. Problem solving deficits with poor anticipation of the future.