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First Aid Chapters > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what do competitive inhibitors change

A

potency of a drug. they increase Km

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2
Q

what do non competitive inhibitors change

A

they change the efficacy of a drug. they decrease Vmax

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3
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

what the body does to the drug

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4
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

what the drug does to the body

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5
Q

half life equation

A

.7 x Vd / CL

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6
Q

loading dose calculation

A

CP Vd/ F where F is bioavailability and Cp is the target plasma concentration you want

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7
Q

Maintenance dose calculation

A

Cp CL x t / F where t is the dosage interval (time between doses)

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8
Q

3 drugs that are zero order

A

PEA- this is round like a O

phenytoin, ethanol, aspirin (at very high concentrations)

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9
Q

drugs that are weak acids

A

phenobarbital, methotrexate, aspirin- give basic things like bicarbonate to trap it for an overdose.

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10
Q

drugs that are weak bases

A

amphetamines- give NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) to trap it

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11
Q

Therapeutic Index (TI)

A

TD50/ED50

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12
Q

sympathetic G protein classes

A

qiss

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13
Q

parasympathetic (M) G protein class

A

qiq

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14
Q

dopamine G protein class

A

si

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15
Q

histamine G protein class

A

qs

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16
Q

Vasopressin G protein class

A

qs

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17
Q

which ones use Gq

A

HAVe 1 M&M

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18
Q

which ones use Gi

A

M2a2D2- 2 MAD

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19
Q

bethanechol

A

direct M agonist

used for post operative ileus, and urinary retention. resistant to ache

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20
Q

carbachol

A

direct M agonist

used for glaucoma, pupillary constriction and relief of intra ocular pressure

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21
Q

pilocarpine

A

direct M agonist. potent stimulator of sweat, tears and saliva. can be used in both open and closed angle glaucoma.

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22
Q

methacholine

A

direct M agonist. this is used as a diagnostic test for asthma.

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23
Q

neostigmine

A

anticholinesterase. used for an ileus, urinary retention, MG, and reversal of NM blokade. no CNS penetration

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24
Q

pyridistigmine

A

anti cholinesterase. longer acting for MG. does not penetrate the CNS.

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25
Q

Physostigmine

A

anti cholinesterase. crosses BBB. used to reverse atropine overdose.

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26
Q

donepezil

A

anticholinesterase for Alzheimers

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27
Q

Rivastigmine

A

anticholinesterase for Alzheimers

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28
Q

galantamine

A

anticholinesterase for Alzheimers

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29
Q

edrophonium

A

this is an anti-cholinesterase. it was traditionaly used to diagnose MG. very quick acting.

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30
Q

organophosphates

A

cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning. seen in FARMERS. causes irreversible destruction of AChe. diarrhea, urination, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, sweating, and salivation

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31
Q

antidote to organophosphate poisoning

A

need to block the ach. use atropine! you can also use pralidoxime to regenerate the Ache if given early

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32
Q

pralidoxime

A

this is a substance to regenerate the Ach e and can be used to treat organophosphoate poisoning if used early enough. complement of atropine

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33
Q

atropine, homatropine, and torpicamide

A

muscarinic antagonists.

used for the eye- produce mydriasis and cycloplegia

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34
Q

benztropine

A

muscarinic antagonists.

this is used in parkinsons disease. Park my benz

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35
Q

scoplamine

A

muscarinic antagonists.

used to treat motion sickness

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36
Q

Ipratropium and tiotropium

A

muscarinic antagonists.

used to treat COPD. should decrease airway secretions and reduce bronchoconstriction.

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37
Q

oxybutynin, daridenacin, and solifenacin

A

muscarinic antagonists.

GU. used to reduce urgency in mild cysitis and reduce bladder symptoms.

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38
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

muscarinic antagonists.

used to reduce airway secretion and stop both drooling and gastric acid secretion.

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39
Q

atropine overdose

A

red as a beet, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, hot as a hare and mad as a hatter

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40
Q

Jimson weed (datura)

A

causes gardener’s pupil- causes mydriasis from its atropine like side effects.

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41
Q

epinephrine

A

B>A

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42
Q

norepi

A

really only used for hypotension. remember though it decreases renal perfusion a1>a2 >b1

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43
Q

isoproterenol

A

B1= B2

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44
Q

dobutamine

A

B1>B2

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45
Q

phenylephrine

A

a1>a2. this is an sympathetic agonist.

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46
Q

albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline

A

B2>B1. these are used for COPD and asthma. terbutaline is used for premature uterine contractions.

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47
Q

amphetamines

A

indirect sympathetic agonist. also a re-uptake inhibitor and releases stored catecholamines

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48
Q

ephedrine

A

indirect sympathetic agonist. releases stored catecholamines. will increase blood pressure, decrease urinary incontinence and nasal congestion

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49
Q

cocaine

A

indirect general agonist, reuptake inhibitor.
causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia- never give this with a beta blocker- can lead to unopposed alpha 1 activation and extreme hypertension

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50
Q

clonidine

A

alpha 2 agonist. used for hypertensive urgency. does not decrease renal blood flow. causes a decrease in sympathetic tone. can also be used for ADHD

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51
Q

alpha methyl dopa

A

this is an alpha 2 agonist. used for hypertension in pregnancy.

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52
Q

complication of alpha methyl dopa

A

coombs positive hemolytic anemia and SLE like syndrome

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53
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

non selective alpha blocker.
used in pheochromocytoma surgery to prevent hypertensive crisis. causes orthostatic hypotension and can cause reflex tachycardia

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54
Q

phentolamine

A

non selective alpha blocker. reversible. give to patients on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine containing foods.

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55
Q

beta blocker ending..

A

“olol” for pure beta blockers

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56
Q

what are beta blockers used for

A

angina, MI, supraventricular tachycardia (metoprolol, esmolol), hypertension (decrease CO and decrease renin secretion B1), CHF and glaucoma (decrease aqueous humor production- B2 function)

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57
Q

adverse outcome with metoprolol

A

dysplipidemia

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58
Q

other adverse effects of beta blockers

A

impotence, cardiovascular issues like bradycardia, AV block, CHF, CNS issues like seizures, sedation and sleep alterations.

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59
Q

which group should you NEVER give a beta blocker to

A

those on cociane bc will get lots and lots of lapha stimulation and ahypertensive crisis.

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60
Q

can you give beta blockers to diabetics

A

yes. some thought no because you would hide teh hypoglycemic state but beneits outweight the risk and we say go for it!

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61
Q

which are the beta 1 selective antagnoists

A

A to M- first 1/2 of the alphabet

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62
Q

which are the non slective beta antagonists

A

N to Z- second half of teh alphabet

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63
Q

carvedilol and labetalol

A

these are altered endings- means they are non selective alpha and beta blockers.

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64
Q

Nebivolol

A

B1 block (cardiac selective) with B3 stimulation which activates NO synthase in the vasculature

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65
Q

acetaminophen antidote

A

N aceylstine

this replenishes glutathione

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66
Q

organophosphate antidote

A

atropine and pralidoxine (regenerates the ache)

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67
Q

amphetamine antidote

A

NH4Cl to make the urine more acidic

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68
Q

benzodiazepine antidote

A

flumazenil

69
Q

beta blocker antidote

A

glucagon

70
Q

Co antidote

A

100% O2 hyperbaric oxygen

71
Q

copper, arsenic and gold antidote

A

penicillamine

72
Q

cyanide antidote

A

nitrine and thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

73
Q

digitalis antidote

A

anti dig Fab fragment

74
Q

heparin antidote

A

protamine sulfate

75
Q

iron antidote

A

deferoxamine and deferasirox

76
Q

lead antidote

A

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

77
Q

Mercury, ethylene glycol antidote

A

fmoepizole >ethanol, dialysis

78
Q

methanol, ethylene glycol antidote

A

methylene blue, vitamin C

79
Q

methemoglobin antidote

A

methylene blue, vitamin C

80
Q

opioids antidote

A

naloxone

81
Q

salicylates antidote

A

NaHCO3 to alkalinize the urine, dialysis

82
Q

TCAs antidote

A

NaHCO3 for plasma alkalization

83
Q

tpa, stretokinase antidote

A

aminocaproic acid

84
Q

Warfarin antidote

A

Vitamin K if not urgent, fresh frozen plasma if urgent

85
Q

drugs that cause coronary spasm

A

cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids

86
Q

drugs that cause cutaneous flushing

A 
VANC
Vancomycin
Adenosine
Niacin
Ca channel blockers
87
Q

drugs that cause dilated cardiomyopathy

A

doxurubicin and daunorubicin

88
Q

drugs that cause torsades de points

A

class lll abd class lA antiarrythmics, macrolide antibiotics, antipsychotics and TCAs

89
Q

drugs that cause adrenocortical insufficiency

A

glucocorticoid withdrawal

90
Q

drugs that cause hot flashes

A

tamoxifen, clomiphene

91
Q

drugs that cause hyperglycemia

A 
"Taking pills Necessistates haveing BLood Checked"
Tacrolimus
Protease Inhibitors
Niacin
Hydrochlorthiazide
Beta blockers
Corticosteroids
92
Q

drugs that cause hypothyroidism

A

“SAL” is slow
sulfonamides
amiodarone
Lithium

93
Q

drug that causes acute cholestatic hepatitis and jaundice

A

erythromicin

94
Q

drugs known to cause diarrhea

A 
Might excite the colon on accident
Metformin
Erythromycin
Colchicine
Orlistat
Acarbose
95
Q

Drugs that cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis

A 
Cause "HAVAc"
Halothane
Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom)
Valproic acid
Acetaminophen
96
Q

Drugs that cause hepatitis

A

INH

97
Q

Drugs that cause pancreatitis

A 
Drugs cause violent abdominal distress
Didanosine
Corticosteroids
Azathioprine and Alcohol
Valproic acid
Diuretics (loop, HCTZ)
98
Q

drugs that cause pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins (thru Cdiff infection)

99
Q

drugs that cause agranulocytosis

A 
Drugs that CCCrush Myeloblasts and promyelocytes
Dapsone
Colchicine
Clozapine
Carbamazepine
Mathimazole
Propylthiouracil
100
Q

drugs that cause aplastic anemia

A 
can't make new blood cells properly
Carbamazepine
Methimazole
NSAIDS
Benzen
Chloramphenicol
Propylhiouracil
101
Q

anemia

A

methyldopa and penicillin

102
Q

drugs that cause gray baby syndrome

A

chloramphenicol

103
Q

drugs that cause hemolysis in G6PD

A 
Hemolysis IS D PAIN
INH
SUlfonamides
Dapsone
Primaquine
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Nitrofurantoin
104
Q

drugs that cause megaloblastic anemia

A

Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs

105
Q

drugs that cause thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin, cimetidine

106
Q

Drugs that cause thrombotic complications

A

OCPs

107
Q

drugs causing fat redistribution

A

protease inhibitors and glucocorticoids

108
Q

drugs causing gingival hyperplasia

A

phenytoin, verapamil, cyclosporine, nifedipine

109
Q

drugs causing gout

A 
Ted Fields Cares;  No Pain 
Thiazides
Furosemide
Cyclosporine
Niacin
Pyrazinamide
110
Q

drugs causing myopathy

A

fibrates, niacin, colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, interferon alpha, penicillamine, statins, glucocorticoids

111
Q

drugs causing osteoporosis

A

corticosteroids and heparin

112
Q

drugs causing photosensitivity

A 
Need to take photos "FAST"
5FU
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Tetracyclines
113
Q

drugs that cause rash (steven johnson syndrome)

A

anti epileptic drugs (ethosuxamide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital)
Allopurinol
Sulfa drugs
Penicillin

114
Q

drugs that can cause drug induced lupus

A

sulfa drugs, hydralazine, INH ,Procainamide, Phenytoin, Etanercept

115
Q

drugs that cause teeth discoloration

A

tetracyclines

116
Q

drugs that cause tendon problems

A

flouroquinolones

117
Q

drugs that cause cinchonism

A

quinidine, quinine
symptoms include flushed, sweaty skin, ringing in the ears, blurred vision, impaired hearing, confusion, high frequency hearing loss, headache, rash, virtigo, dizziness, photosensitivity

118
Q

drugs that cause parkinsonism like syndrome

A

cogwheel ARM
Antipsychotics
Reserpine
Metaclopramide

119
Q

drugs that cause seizures

A 
I BITE M
INH
Bupropion
Imipenem/Cilastin
Tramadol
Enflurane
metoclopramide
120
Q

drugs that cause tardive dyskinesias

A

antipsychotics, metoclopramide

121
Q

drugs that cause diabetes insipidus

A

lithium, demeclocycline (tetracycline antibiotic that is used to treat siADH)

122
Q

drug that causes fanconi syndrome

A

Expired tetracycline

123
Q

drug that causes hemorraghic cystitic

A

cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. prevent by giving mesna

124
Q

drugs that cause interstitial nephritis

A

methicilin, NSAIDS, furosemide

125
Q

drugs that cause siADH

A

Can’t Concentrate Serum Sodium
Carbamazepine
Cyclophosphamide
SSRI

126
Q

drugs that cause dry cough

A

ACE inhibitors

127
Q

drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis

A 
Breathing Air Badly from Medicine
Bleomycin
Amiodoraone
Busulfan
Methotrexate
128
Q

drugs that cause a disulfram like reaction

A

metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st generation sulfonylureas

129
Q

drugs that cause nephrotoxicity

A

aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatin

130
Q

drugs that require CYP450 to be metabolized

A 
anti epileptics
anti depressents
anti psychotics
anesthetics
theophylline
warfarin
statins
OCPs
131
Q

sulfa drugs

A 
Popular FACTSSS
probenecid
furosemide
acetazolamide
celecoxib
thiazides
sulfonamide abxs
Sulfasalazine
Sulfonylureas
132
Q

drugs ending in “Azole”

A

ergosterol synthesis inhibitor - anti fungal

133
Q

drugs ending in bendazole-

A

anti parasitic or anti helminic

134
Q

drugs ending in cillin

A

peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor

135
Q

drugs ending in cyclin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

136
Q

drugs ending in ivir

A

neuraminadase inhibitors

137
Q

drugs ending in navir

A

protese inhibitor

138
Q

drugs ending in ovir

A

DNA polymerase inhibitor

139
Q

drugs ending in thromycin

A

macrolides

140
Q

drugs ending in “ane”

A

inhalation general anesthetics

141
Q

drugs ending in azine

A

typically antiphsychotics

142
Q

drugs ending in barbital

A

barbituate

143
Q

drugs ending in caine

A

local anesthetic

144
Q

drugs ending in etine

A

SSRI

145
Q

drugs ending in imprimine

A

TCAs

146
Q

drugs ending in triptan

A

5HT1B/1D agonists

147
Q

drugs ending in triptyline

A

TCAs

148
Q

drugs ending in zepam

A

benzos

149
Q

drugs ending in zolam

A

benzos

150
Q

drugs ending in chol

A

cholinergic agonist

151
Q

drugs ending in curium or curonium

A

non derpolarizing paralytic

152
Q

drugs ending in olol

A

beta blocker

153
Q

drugs ending in stigmine

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

154
Q

drugs ending in terol

A

B2 agonist

155
Q

drugs ending in zosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist

156
Q

drugs ending in afil

A

PDE 5 inhibitor

157
Q

drugs ending in dipine

A

Dihydropyridine CCB

158
Q

drugs ending in pril

A

ACE inhibitor

159
Q

drugs ending in sartan

A

ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker)

160
Q

drugs ending in statin

A

HMG co A reductase

161
Q

drugs ending in dronate

A

bisphosphonate

162
Q

drugs ending in glitazone

A

PPAR gamma activator

163
Q

drugs ending in prazole

A

PPI

164
Q

drugs ending in prost

A

prostaglandin analog

165
Q

drugs ending in tidine

A

H2 antagonist

166
Q

drugs ending in tropin

A

pituatary hormone

167
Q

drugs ending in ximab

A

chimeric monoclonal antibody

168
Q

drugs ending in zumab

A

Human monoclonal antibody

First Aid Chapters (8 decks)

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