Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
what do competitive inhibitors change
A
potency of a drug. they increase Km
2
Q
what do non competitive inhibitors change
A
they change the efficacy of a drug. they decrease Vmax
3
Q
pharmacokinetics
A
what the body does to the drug
4
Q
pharmacodynamics
A
what the drug does to the body
5
Q
half life equation
A
.7 x Vd / CL
6
Q
loading dose calculation
A
CP Vd/ F where F is bioavailability and Cp is the target plasma concentration you want
7
Q
Maintenance dose calculation
A
Cp CL x t / F where t is the dosage interval (time between doses)
8
Q
3 drugs that are zero order
A
PEA- this is round like a O
phenytoin, ethanol, aspirin (at very high concentrations)
9
Q
drugs that are weak acids
A
phenobarbital, methotrexate, aspirin- give basic things like bicarbonate to trap it for an overdose.
10
Q
drugs that are weak bases
A
amphetamines- give NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) to trap it
11
Q
Therapeutic Index (TI)
A
TD50/ED50
12
Q
sympathetic G protein classes
A
qiss
13
Q
parasympathetic (M) G protein class
A
qiq
14
Q
dopamine G protein class
A
si
15
Q
histamine G protein class
A
qs
16
Q
Vasopressin G protein class
A
qs
17
Q
which ones use Gq
A
HAVe 1 M&M
18
Q
which ones use Gi
A
M2a2D2- 2 MAD
19
Q
bethanechol
A
direct M agonist
used for post operative ileus, and urinary retention. resistant to ache
20
Q
carbachol
A
direct M agonist
used for glaucoma, pupillary constriction and relief of intra ocular pressure
21
Q
pilocarpine
A
direct M agonist. potent stimulator of sweat, tears and saliva. can be used in both open and closed angle glaucoma.
22
Q
methacholine
A
direct M agonist. this is used as a diagnostic test for asthma.
23
Q
neostigmine
A
anticholinesterase. used for an ileus, urinary retention, MG, and reversal of NM blokade. no CNS penetration
24
Q
pyridistigmine
A
anti cholinesterase. longer acting for MG. does not penetrate the CNS.
25
Physostigmine
anti cholinesterase. crosses BBB. used to reverse atropine overdose.
26
donepezil
anticholinesterase for Alzheimers
27
Rivastigmine
anticholinesterase for Alzheimers
28
galantamine
anticholinesterase for Alzheimers
29
edrophonium
this is an anti-cholinesterase. it was traditionaly used to diagnose MG. very quick acting.
30
organophosphates
cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning. seen in FARMERS. causes irreversible destruction of AChe. diarrhea, urination, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, sweating, and salivation
31
antidote to organophosphate poisoning
need to block the ach. use atropine! you can also use pralidoxime to regenerate the Ache if given early
32
pralidoxime
this is a substance to regenerate the Ach e and can be used to treat organophosphoate poisoning if used early enough. complement of atropine
33
atropine, homatropine, and torpicamide
muscarinic antagonists.
| used for the eye- produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
34
benztropine
muscarinic antagonists.
| this is used in parkinsons disease. Park my benz
35
scoplamine
muscarinic antagonists.
| used to treat motion sickness
36
Ipratropium and tiotropium
muscarinic antagonists.
| used to treat COPD. should decrease airway secretions and reduce bronchoconstriction.
37
oxybutynin, daridenacin, and solifenacin
muscarinic antagonists.
| GU. used to reduce urgency in mild cysitis and reduce bladder symptoms.
38
Glycopyrrolate
muscarinic antagonists.
| used to reduce airway secretion and stop both drooling and gastric acid secretion.
39
atropine overdose
red as a beet, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, hot as a hare and mad as a hatter
40
Jimson weed (datura)
causes gardener's pupil- causes mydriasis from its atropine like side effects.
41
epinephrine
B>A
42
norepi
really only used for hypotension. remember though it decreases renal perfusion a1>a2 >b1
43
isoproterenol
B1= B2
44
dobutamine
B1>B2
45
phenylephrine
a1>a2. this is an sympathetic agonist.
46
albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline
B2>B1. these are used for COPD and asthma. terbutaline is used for premature uterine contractions.
47
amphetamines
indirect sympathetic agonist. also a re-uptake inhibitor and releases stored catecholamines
48
ephedrine
indirect sympathetic agonist. releases stored catecholamines. will increase blood pressure, decrease urinary incontinence and nasal congestion
49
cocaine
indirect general agonist, reuptake inhibitor.
causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia- never give this with a beta blocker- can lead to unopposed alpha 1 activation and extreme hypertension
50
clonidine
alpha 2 agonist. used for hypertensive urgency. does not decrease renal blood flow. causes a decrease in sympathetic tone. can also be used for ADHD
51
alpha methyl dopa
this is an alpha 2 agonist. used for hypertension in pregnancy.
52
complication of alpha methyl dopa
coombs positive hemolytic anemia and SLE like syndrome
53
phenoxybenzamine
non selective alpha blocker.
used in pheochromocytoma surgery to prevent hypertensive crisis. causes orthostatic hypotension and can cause reflex tachycardia
54
phentolamine
non selective alpha blocker. reversible. give to patients on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine containing foods.
55
beta blocker ending..
"olol" for pure beta blockers
56
what are beta blockers used for
angina, MI, supraventricular tachycardia (metoprolol, esmolol), hypertension (decrease CO and decrease renin secretion B1), CHF and glaucoma (decrease aqueous humor production- B2 function)
57
adverse outcome with metoprolol
dysplipidemia
58
other adverse effects of beta blockers
impotence, cardiovascular issues like bradycardia, AV block, CHF, CNS issues like seizures, sedation and sleep alterations.
59
which group should you NEVER give a beta blocker to
those on cociane bc will get lots and lots of lapha stimulation and ahypertensive crisis.
60
can you give beta blockers to diabetics
yes. some thought no because you would hide teh hypoglycemic state but beneits outweight the risk and we say go for it!
61
which are the beta 1 selective antagnoists
A to M- first 1/2 of the alphabet
62
which are the non slective beta antagonists
N to Z- second half of teh alphabet
63
carvedilol and labetalol
these are altered endings- means they are non selective alpha and beta blockers.
64
Nebivolol
B1 block (cardiac selective) with B3 stimulation which activates NO synthase in the vasculature
65
acetaminophen antidote
N aceylstine
| this replenishes glutathione
66
organophosphate antidote
atropine and pralidoxine (regenerates the ache)
67
amphetamine antidote
NH4Cl to make the urine more acidic
68
benzodiazepine antidote
flumazenil
69
beta blocker antidote
glucagon
70
Co antidote
100% O2 hyperbaric oxygen
71
copper, arsenic and gold antidote
penicillamine
72
cyanide antidote
nitrine and thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin
73
digitalis antidote
anti dig Fab fragment
74
heparin antidote
protamine sulfate
75
iron antidote
deferoxamine and deferasirox
76
lead antidote
EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
77
Mercury, ethylene glycol antidote
fmoepizole >ethanol, dialysis
78
methanol, ethylene glycol antidote
methylene blue, vitamin C
79
methemoglobin antidote
methylene blue, vitamin C
80
opioids antidote
naloxone
81
salicylates antidote
NaHCO3 to alkalinize the urine, dialysis
82
TCAs antidote
NaHCO3 for plasma alkalization
83
tpa, stretokinase antidote
aminocaproic acid
84
Warfarin antidote
Vitamin K if not urgent, fresh frozen plasma if urgent
85
drugs that cause coronary spasm
cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids
86
drugs that cause cutaneous flushing
```
VANC
Vancomycin
Adenosine
Niacin
Ca channel blockers
```
87
drugs that cause dilated cardiomyopathy
doxurubicin and daunorubicin
88
drugs that cause torsades de points
class lll abd class lA antiarrythmics, macrolide antibiotics, antipsychotics and TCAs
89
drugs that cause adrenocortical insufficiency
glucocorticoid withdrawal
90
drugs that cause hot flashes
tamoxifen, clomiphene
91
drugs that cause hyperglycemia
```
"Taking pills Necessistates haveing BLood Checked"
Tacrolimus
Protease Inhibitors
Niacin
Hydrochlorthiazide
Beta blockers
Corticosteroids
```
92
drugs that cause hypothyroidism
"SAL" is slow
sulfonamides
amiodarone
Lithium
93
drug that causes acute cholestatic hepatitis and jaundice
erythromicin
94
drugs known to cause diarrhea
```
Might excite the colon on accident
Metformin
Erythromycin
Colchicine
Orlistat
Acarbose
```
95
Drugs that cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis
```
Cause "HAVAc"
Halothane
Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom)
Valproic acid
Acetaminophen
```
96
Drugs that cause hepatitis
INH
97
Drugs that cause pancreatitis
```
Drugs cause violent abdominal distress
Didanosine
Corticosteroids
Azathioprine and Alcohol
Valproic acid
Diuretics (loop, HCTZ)
```
98
drugs that cause pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins (thru Cdiff infection)
99
drugs that cause agranulocytosis
```
Drugs that CCCrush Myeloblasts and promyelocytes
Dapsone
Colchicine
Clozapine
Carbamazepine
Mathimazole
Propylthiouracil
```
100
drugs that cause aplastic anemia
```
can't make new blood cells properly
Carbamazepine
Methimazole
NSAIDS
Benzen
Chloramphenicol
Propylhiouracil
```
101
anemia
methyldopa and penicillin
102
drugs that cause gray baby syndrome
chloramphenicol
103
drugs that cause hemolysis in G6PD
```
Hemolysis IS D PAIN
INH
SUlfonamides
Dapsone
Primaquine
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Nitrofurantoin
```
104
drugs that cause megaloblastic anemia
Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs
105
drugs that cause thrombocytopenia
Heparin, cimetidine
106
Drugs that cause thrombotic complications
OCPs
107
drugs causing fat redistribution
protease inhibitors and glucocorticoids
108
drugs causing gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin, verapamil, cyclosporine, nifedipine
109
drugs causing gout
```
Ted Fields Cares; No Pain
Thiazides
Furosemide
Cyclosporine
Niacin
Pyrazinamide
```
110
drugs causing myopathy
fibrates, niacin, colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, interferon alpha, penicillamine, statins, glucocorticoids
111
drugs causing osteoporosis
corticosteroids and heparin
112
drugs causing photosensitivity
```
Need to take photos "FAST"
5FU
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Tetracyclines
```
113
drugs that cause rash (steven johnson syndrome)
anti epileptic drugs (ethosuxamide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital)
Allopurinol
Sulfa drugs
Penicillin
114
drugs that can cause drug induced lupus
sulfa drugs, hydralazine, INH ,Procainamide, Phenytoin, Etanercept
115
drugs that cause teeth discoloration
tetracyclines
116
drugs that cause tendon problems
flouroquinolones
117
drugs that cause cinchonism
quinidine, quinine
symptoms include flushed, sweaty skin, ringing in the ears, blurred vision, impaired hearing, confusion, high frequency hearing loss, headache, rash, virtigo, dizziness, photosensitivity
118
drugs that cause parkinsonism like syndrome
cogwheel ARM
Antipsychotics
Reserpine
Metaclopramide
119
drugs that cause seizures
```
I BITE M
INH
Bupropion
Imipenem/Cilastin
Tramadol
Enflurane
metoclopramide
```
120
drugs that cause tardive dyskinesias
antipsychotics, metoclopramide
121
drugs that cause diabetes insipidus
lithium, demeclocycline (tetracycline antibiotic that is used to treat siADH)
122
drug that causes fanconi syndrome
Expired tetracycline
123
drug that causes hemorraghic cystitic
cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. prevent by giving mesna
124
drugs that cause interstitial nephritis
methicilin, NSAIDS, furosemide
125
drugs that cause siADH
Can't Concentrate Serum Sodium
Carbamazepine
Cyclophosphamide
SSRI
126
drugs that cause dry cough
ACE inhibitors
127
drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis
```
Breathing Air Badly from Medicine
Bleomycin
Amiodoraone
Busulfan
Methotrexate
```
128
drugs that cause a disulfram like reaction
metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st generation sulfonylureas
129
drugs that cause nephrotoxicity
aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatin
130
drugs that require CYP450 to be metabolized
```
anti epileptics
anti depressents
anti psychotics
anesthetics
theophylline
warfarin
statins
OCPs
```
131
sulfa drugs
```
Popular FACTSSS
probenecid
furosemide
acetazolamide
celecoxib
thiazides
sulfonamide abxs
Sulfasalazine
Sulfonylureas
```
132
drugs ending in "Azole"
ergosterol synthesis inhibitor - anti fungal
133
drugs ending in bendazole-
anti parasitic or anti helminic
134
drugs ending in cillin
peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor
135
drugs ending in cyclin
protein synthesis inhibitor
136
drugs ending in ivir
neuraminadase inhibitors
137
drugs ending in navir
protese inhibitor
138
drugs ending in ovir
DNA polymerase inhibitor
139
drugs ending in thromycin
macrolides
140
drugs ending in "ane"
inhalation general anesthetics
141
drugs ending in azine
typically antiphsychotics
142
drugs ending in barbital
barbituate
143
drugs ending in caine
local anesthetic
144
drugs ending in etine
SSRI
145
drugs ending in imprimine
TCAs
146
drugs ending in triptan
5HT1B/1D agonists
147
drugs ending in triptyline
TCAs
148
drugs ending in zepam
benzos
149
drugs ending in zolam
benzos
150
drugs ending in chol
cholinergic agonist
151
drugs ending in curium or curonium
non derpolarizing paralytic
152
drugs ending in olol
beta blocker
153
drugs ending in stigmine
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
154
drugs ending in terol
B2 agonist
155
drugs ending in zosin
alpha 1 antagonist
156
drugs ending in afil
PDE 5 inhibitor
157
drugs ending in dipine
Dihydropyridine CCB
158
drugs ending in pril
ACE inhibitor
159
drugs ending in sartan
ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker)
160
drugs ending in statin
HMG co A reductase
161
drugs ending in dronate
bisphosphonate
162
drugs ending in glitazone
PPAR gamma activator
163
drugs ending in prazole
PPI
164
drugs ending in prost
prostaglandin analog
165
drugs ending in tidine
H2 antagonist
166
drugs ending in tropin
pituatary hormone
167
drugs ending in ximab
chimeric monoclonal antibody
168
drugs ending in zumab
Human monoclonal antibody
