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Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

where are B cells located in the lymph node

A

follicle

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2
Q

where are T cells located in the lymph node

A

in the paracortex

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3
Q

what is in the medullary cords

A

plasma cells

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4
Q

what is in the medullary sinus

A

macrophages

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5
Q

which part of the lymph node is not developed in deGoegre syndrome

A

paracortex

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6
Q

head and neck drain to the…

A

cervical nides

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7
Q

lungs drain to the…

A

hilar nodes

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8
Q

trachea and esophagus drain to the…

A

mediastinal nodes

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9
Q

upper limb, breast, and skin above umbilicus drain to the…

A

axillary nodes

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10
Q

liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen and upper duodenum drain to the…

A

celiac nodes

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11
Q

lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon to the splenic flexure drain to the

A

superior mesenteric

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12
Q

colon after the splenic flexure, to the upper rectum

A

inferior mesenteric nodes

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13
Q

lower rectum to the anal canal (above the pectinate line), bladder, middle vagina, prostate drain to the…

A

internal iliac

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14
Q

testes, ovaries, kidneys and uterus drain to the…

A

para-aortic nodes

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15
Q

anal canal below the pectinate line and skin below umbilicus

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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16
Q

dorsolateral foot and posterior calf drain to the..

A

popliteal nodes

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17
Q

what is in the red pulp of the spleen

A

RBCs

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18
Q

where are T cells located in the spleen

A

periarticular lymphatic sheath (white pulp)

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19
Q

where are B cells found in the spleen

A

within the follicles (white pulp)

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20
Q

what is the thymus made from

A

epithelium of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch.

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21
Q

cortex vs. medulla of thymus

A

cortex is dense with immature T celsl and medulla is pale with mature T cells and Hassall corpuscles containing epithelial reticular cells

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22
Q

what is LPS

A

this is an example of PAMP that can be recognized by a toll like receptor and it is on gram negative bacteria. it will activate the innate immunity

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23
Q

what cells express MHC I

A

all except RBCs. basically all nucleated cells

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24
Q

HLA A3….

A

hemochromatosis

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25
B27
Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD and reactice arthritis (PAIR)
26
DQ2/DQ8
celiac disease
27
DR2
MS, SLE, hay fever, and goodpasture
28
DR3
type 1 diabetes, SLE graves
29
DR4
RA, type 1 diabetes
30
DR5
pernicious anemia and hashimotos thyroiditis
31
which signals enhance NK cells
IL2, IL12, IFN beta, IFN apla
32
where does positive selection of t cells in the thymus occur
in the cortex
33
where does negative selection of t cells in the thymus occur
medulla
34
second signal to activate T cells
B7 and CD28. B7 is on the dendritic or APC and CD28 on the T cell
35
second signal for T cell to activate B cell
CD40 ligand on the T cell and CD40 R on the B cell
36
what do TH1 cells secrete
IFN gamma mostly
37
what do TH2 cells secrete
IL4, 5, 6, 13
38
surface markers of a Treg cell
CD3, CD4, CD25 and transcription factor FOXP3
39
most abundant immunoglobulin in the serum
IgG
40
the immunoglobulin that is made first in response to an antigen
IgM
41
why is IgM made first
shape of it- large penatmer allows it to efecitvely trap free antigens while humoral immunity builds up its response
42
what does IgE bind to
mast cells and basophils.
43
what induces an increase in acute phase reactants
IL6, IL1, TNF alpha, and IFN gamma
44
what are two acute phase reactants that are downregualted
albumin and transferin (internalized by macrophages to sequester iron).
45
which acute phase reactant is related to ESR
firinogen increase- promotes endothelial repair and corelates with ESR
46
what activates the classic pathway for complement
antigen-antibody complexes
47
what activates the alternative pathway for complement
spontaeous or microbial surfaces
48
what activates the lectin pathway for complement
microbial surfaces like mannose
49
what bug are you more suceptible to if you have a C5-C9 deficiency
Neisseria bactermia
50
Decay accelerating factor deficiency causes...
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
51
function of IL6
causes fever and simtulates production of acute phase reactants
52
function of IL8
raws in neutrophils
53
function of IL12
induces differentiation of T cells into TH1 cells
54
function of TNF alpha
mediates septic shock, activates endthelium. causes leuckoyte recruitment.
55
function of IFN gamma
antiviral and anti tumor properties. activates NK cells.
56
function of IL4
induces differentiation into TH2 cells. promotes growth of B cells. enhances class switching to IgE and IgG
57
IL5 function
promotes differentiation of B cells. enhances switching to IgA. stimualtes growht and diferentiation of eosinophils.
58
IL10 function
modulates or reduces inflammatory response. inhibits action of activated T cells and TH1. siilar to TGF beta
59
B cell receptors
CD19, CD20, and CD21
60
what cell receptor is for EBV
DC21
61
NK cell receptors
CD16 (binds the Fc of Ig) and CD56 (unique to these cells)
62
where do super antigens work
cross link the beta region of the T cell receptor to the MHC class II on APCs
63
how do endotoxins like LPS work
directly stimulate macophages by binding to endotoxin receptor CD14. no T cell involvement
64
what 4 diseases can you give preformed antibodies to treat
tetanus, botulinum, rabies and HBV
65
which are the live vaccines
MMR, varicella, yellow fever, nasal flu and Sabin polio
66
which are the inactivated or killed vaccines
cholera, hepatitis A, salk polio, infection flu and rabies
67
what type of response do you get from live vaccines
cellular immunity
68
what type of response to do you get from killed vaccine
humoral immunity
69
4 Ts of a type 4 reaction
T lymphocytes, Transplant rejections, TB skin test and Touching (contact dermatitis)
70
what are poison ivy and nickel allergy
these are examples of contact dermatitis and they are a type 4 HS reaction
71
urticaria, itchiness, wheezing and fever after a blood transfusion
this is an allergic reaction- type I HS. treat with antihistamines. allergic reaction to the proteins in the plasma
72
shortness of breath, bronchospasm, hypotension and shock from blood transfusion
anaphylactic reaction = severe allergic reaction. often someone who is IgA deficiency who got blood with IgA in it
73
fever headache chills and flushing from blood transfusion
this is febrile non hemolytic transfusion reaction. type 2 HS reaction- host anitbodies against donor HLA antigens and leukocytes.
74
fever, hypotension, tachypnea, tachycardia, flank pain, hemoglobinemia, jaundice
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction- type 2 HS reaction- intravascular hemolysis from ABO incompatiibility or extravascular hemolysis (host antibody reaction against oreign antigen on donor RBCs)
75
anti ach receptor antibodies
Myasthenia gravis
76
anti basement membrane antibodies
goodpasture
77
anti cardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant
SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome
78
anti centromere
CREST
79
anti demoglein
pemphigus vulgaris
80
anti dsDNA and anti Smoth
SLE
81
anti glutamate decarboxylase
type 1 diabetes
82
anti hemidesmosome
bullous pemphigus
83
anti histone
drug induced lupus
84
anti jo1, anti SRP,and MI2
polymyositis and dermatomyositis
85
anti microsomal antibodies and anti thyroglobulin
hashimoto
86
anti mitochondrial
primary biliary cirrhosis
87
anti Scl70
cleroderma. thi sis an anti DNA topoisomerase I
88
anti smooth msucle
autoimmune hepatitis
89
anti Ro and anti La
sjogrens (also known as SSA and SSB)
90
anti TSH receptor
Graves disease
91
anti U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein)
mixed conenctive tissue disease
92
c-ANCA
granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegners)
93
IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti tissue transglutaminase
celiac disease
94
pANCA
microscopic polyangitis and churge strauss
95
what s rheumatoid factor
antibody like IgM against IgG Fc region)
96
in general B cell deficiencies give
recurrent bacterial infections
97
in general T cell deficiencies give
fungal and viral infections
98
no B cells- worry about....
encapsulated bacterial organisms. SHiN SKiS | also worry about Gi giardiasis bc no IgA
99
what if you have no granulocytes
wory about staph, burkholderia cepacia, serratia and nocardia. in terms of fungal infections worry about candida and aspergillus.
100
what if you have no complement
worry about neisseria infection
101
viruses and fungi to worry about with no T cells
CMV, EV, JCV, VZV. for fungi worry about candida and PCP

First Aid Chapters (8 decks)

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