Pharmacology 2- systems Flashcards
Overdose:
Acetaminophen(1)
N-acetylcysteine (replenishes gluathione to remove toxic NAPQ1)
(pt: suicide/ chronic pain pt)
(symp: N/V/increase LFTs, ASTs, ALTs, Bilirubin)
Overdose:
AchE inhib/ Organophosphates(2)
Atropine>pralidoxime
DUMBBeLSS- doesn’t correct ‘e’
Overdose:
Amphetamines (basic) (1)
NH4CL (acidify urine)
Overdose:
Antimuscarinic/Anti-cholinergic agents(2)
- Physostigmine
- control Hyperthermia (hot as a hare)
(rhyming symptoms)
Overdose:
Arsenic(2)
- Dimercaprol
- Succimer
* same as Mercury poisoning
Overdose:
Benzodiazepines(1)
bind GABA–> increase freq. of GABA binding
Flumazenil
Overdose:
BBs (3)
- saline
- atropine- antag parasymp to cancel out depressed SNS
- Glucagon–>increase Gs/cAMP
(pt: usually an accident)
Overdose: Carbon Monoxide(2)
- 100% O2
- Hyperbaric O2- increase pressure to increase O2 dissolved
(Combustion/fire, causes change in mental status)
(PulseOx shows 100% sat –> must check carboxyhemoglobin)
Overdose:
Copper(2)
- Penicillamine
- Trientine
(like in wilson’s disease)
Overdose:
Cyanide(2)
- Nitrite + Thisulfate
- Hydroxocobalamine
(cyanide inhib Complex 4 in electron transport chain)
Overdose:
Digitalis (digoxin) (1)
Anti-dig Fab fragments
Overdose:
Gold (3)
- Penicillamine
- dimercaprolol (BAL)
- Succimer
(chelated by anything)
Overdose:
Heparin (1)
- protamine sulfate
Overdose:
Iron (3)
“Defer-“
- Deferoxamine
- Deferasirox
- Deferiprone
Overdose:
Lead (4)
- EDTA
- Dimercaprol
- Succimer
- Penicillamine
(source: paint-old house/batteries-industry worker/moonshine-drunks)
(easily absorbed)
Overdose:
Mercury(2)
- Dimercaprol
2. Succimer
Overdose:
Methanol/ Ethylene glycol(antifreeze) (2)
- Fomepizole > ethanol
- dialysis
(kids drink antifreeze–>oxalic acid precipitates in renal tubules requiring dialysis)
Overdose:
Methemoglobin(2)
- Methylene blue
- Vitamin C
(both act as electron donors to turn back to Fe+2)
(Iron in Hb is at Fe+3–>arterial blood is chocolate colored)
Overdose:
Opioids
Naloxone
symp: RR less than 12, miosis, change mental status, hypotension
Overdose:
Salicylates (2)
- NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine)
2. Dialysis
Overdose:
TCAs (1)
NaHCO3(plasma alkalination)
sump: depression, check for prolonged QRS on EKG
Overdose:
Warfarin (small/lipophilic molecule) (2)
- Vit K (delayed effect)
2. fresh frozen plasma (immediate effect)
Overdose:
tPA(1)
Aminocaproic acid (mimics plasminogen binding site)
Overdoses treated with chelation (6)
- copper
- arsenic
- gold
- lead
- mercury
- iron
Drug induced: Coronary vasospasms (3)
- cocaine
- Sumatriptan
- ergot alkaloids
Drug induced: cutaneous flushing (5)
“Opposite of bob VANCE, VANCE refrigeration”
- Vancomycin
- Adenosine
- Niacin
- Ca+2 channel blockers
- Echinocandins (not really used)
Drug induced: Dilated cardiomyopathy(2)
Prevent w:
Anthracyclines:
- Doxorubicin
- Daunorubicin
prevent w/ dexrazoxan (chelator to bind free Fe+2)
Drug induced:
Torsades de pointes (5)
Precaution to take before drug use
"ABCDE" Anti"a"rrhythmics (class Ia, III) Anti"b"iotics (macrolides) Anti"c"ychotics (haloperidol) Anti"d"epressants (TCAs) Anti"e"metics (ondansetron)
*always do EKG before giving any of these drugs
Drug induced:
Adrenocortical insuff.
What patient population?
HPA suppression 2ary to glucocorticoid withdrawal (like prednisone)
- long term prednison: lupus, RA, vasculitis
Drug induced: Hot Flashes (2)
- Tamoxifen
- Clomiphene
(antagonize E-R, used for breast cancer)
Drug induced:
Hyperglycemia (5)
“Taking Pills Necessitates Having blood Checked”
- Tacrolimus
- Protease Inhibitors
- Niacin
- HCTZ
- Corticosteroids
Drug induced:
Hypothyroidism (3)
- Lithium (inhib T3/T4)
- Amiodarone (class III antiarrhythmia, inhib 5’ deiodinase in periphery)
- Sulfonamides (binds thyroid peroxidase)
Drug induced:
Acute cholestatic hepatitis/jaundice(1)
Erythromycin (metabolite in bile)
Drug induced:
Diarrhea (12)
Issue
- Acamprosate
- Acarbose (a-glucosidase inhib)
- Cholinesterase inhib (increase Ach)
- Colchicine (decrease microtubule polymerization= sloughing off for GOUT tx)
- Erythromycin (binds Motilin-R to increase sm. muscle contractions)
- Ezetimibe
- metformin (increase 5-HT)
- misoprostol
- orlistat(lipase inhib similar to acarbose)
- pramlintide (amylin-like to slow gastric emptying)
- Quinidine
- SSRI (increase 5-HT)
* high non-compliance rate
Drug induced:
Focal to massive hepatic necrosis(4)
‘Liver HAVAc’
- Halothane
- Amanita phalloides (death cap- inhib RNA pol II(mRNA))
- Valproic Acid
- Acetaminophen
Drug induced:
Hepatitis(5)
- Rifampin
- isoniazid
- Pyrazinamide
- Statins
- Fibrates
(1-3 tx TB, 4-5 tx dylipidemia)
Drug induced:
Pancreatitis (6)
“Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress”
- Didanosine
- Corticosteroids
- Alcohol
- Valproic Acid (tx: epilepsy, bipolar)
- Azathioprine
- Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)
Drug induced:
Esophagitis (3)
- Tetracyclines (esp. Doxy)
- Bisphosphonates (in osteoporosis pt.)
- Potassium Chloride (not used)
*Caustic effect minimized with upright posture and adequate water ingestion
Drug induced: Pseudomemb Colitis (3)
- Clindamycin
- Ampicillin
- Cephalosporins
*all abx predispose to superinfection by resistant C.diff
Describe C.Diff Gram stain Does it form spores? anaerobic/aerobic toxin treatment(2)
- Gram +
- spore forming anaerobic bacteria (hangs around in hospitals)
- Produces Toxin A to disrupt tight junctions and H2O leaks out
- Treat: Metronitazole or Vancomycin (PO)
Drug induced:
Agranulocytosis (6)
What is defined as agranulocytosis?
“Can Cause Pretty Major Collapse of Granulocytes”
- Clozapine
- Carbamazepine
- Propylthiouracil (similar to pyrimidine)
- Methimazole (similar to pyrimidine)
- Colchicine
- Ganciclivir (similar to purine)
*Agranulocytosis= Neutrophils
Drug induced: Aplastic Anemia(6)
” Can’t Make New Blood Cells Properly”
- Carbamazepine
- Methimazole
- NSAIDs
- Benzene (Gas exposure)
- Chloramphenicol (smilar Benzene rink and cross BBB)
- Propylthiouracil
Drug induced:
Direct Coombs-positive Hemolytic anemia (2)
- Methyldopa
2. Penicillin
Drug induced:
Gray Baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
Drug induced:
Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency(7)
“Hemolysis IS D PAIN’
- Isoniazid
- Sulfonamides
- Dapsone
- Primaquine
- Aspirin
- Ibuprofen
- Nitrofurantoin
Drug induced: Megaloblastic Anemia (3)
“having a BLAST with PMS”
- Phenytoin
- Methotrexate
- Sulfa drugs/TMP
*all cause decreased folate