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Drugs- Basic High Yield Stuff for Boards > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

4 drugs for treatment of Alzheimers

A
  1. Donepezil
  2. galantamine
  3. rivastigmine
  4. Memantine
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2
Q

ALK:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

ALK
oncogene
receptor tyrosine kinase
Lung Adenocarcinoma

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3
Q

BCR-ABL:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm (2)

A

BCR-ABL t(9,22)
oncogene
tyrosine kinase
CML/ALL

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4
Q

BCL-2:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm(2)

A

BCL-2
oncogene
Anti-apoptotic molecule (inhib apoptosis)
Follicular Lymphoma & DLBCL

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5
Q

BRAF:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm(2)

A

BRAF
oncogene
Serine/threonine kinase
Melanoma & non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

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6
Q

c-KIT:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

c-KIT
oncogene
cytokine receptor
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

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7
Q

c-MYC:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

c-MYC t(8,14)
oncogene
transcription factor
Burkitt lymphoma

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8
Q 
HER2/neu (c-erbB2):
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm
treatment
A 
HER2/neu (c-erbB2)
oncogene
tyrosine kinase
Breast and gastric carcinoma
-->Herceptin/trastuzumab
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9
Q

JAK2:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

JAK2
oncogene
tyrosine kinase
chronic myeloproliferative disorders

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10
Q

KRAS:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm(3)

A

KRAS
oncogene
GTPase
Colon/lung/pancreatic cancer

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11
Q

MYC-L1:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

MYC-‘L’1
oncogene
transcription factor
‘L’ung tumor

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12
Q

MYC-N:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

MYC-‘N’
oncogene
transcription factor
‘N’euroblastoma

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13
Q

RET:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

RET (chrom 10)
oncogene
tyrosine kinase
MEN 2A/2B, medullary thyroid cancer

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14
Q

APC:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

APC
tumor suppressor gene
—
Colorectal cancer (associate with FAP)

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15
Q

BRCA1/BRCA2:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

BRCA1/BRCA2
tumor suppressor gene
DNA repair protein
Breast & Ovarian Cancer

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16
Q

CDKN2A:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

CDKN2A
tumor suppressor gene
p16 (blocks G1–>S phase)
Melanoma & pancreatic cancer

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17
Q

DCC:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

DCC
tumor suppressor gene
DCC “Deleted in Colon Cancer”
Colon cancer

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18
Q

DPC4/SMAD4:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

DPC4/SMAD4
tumor suppressor gene
DPC “Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer”
Pancreatic Cancer

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19
Q

MEN1:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

MEN1 (chrom 11)
tumor suppressor gene
melin
MEN1

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20
Q

NF1:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

NF1 (chrom 17)
tumor suppressor gene
Ras GTPase activating protein (neurofibromin)
Neurofibromatosis 1

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21
Q

NF2:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

NF2
tumor suppressor gene
Merlin (schwannomin) protein
Neurofibromatosis 2

22
Q

PTEN:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

PTEN
tumor suppressor gene
decrease PTEN= increase estrogen sensitivity
Breast, Endometrial, & prostate cancers

23
Q

Rb:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

Rb (chrom 13)
tumor suppressor gene
inhib E2F (block G1–>S phase)
Retinoblastoma & Osteosarcoma

24
Q

TP53:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

TP53 (chrom 17)
tumor suppressor gene
p53–>activates p21 (block G1–>S)
Most human cancers/ Li-Fraumeni syndrome

25
Q

TSC1:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

TSC1
tumor suppressor gene
Hamartin protein
Tuberous Sclerosis

26
Q

TSC2:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

TSC2
tumor suppressor gene
Tuberin protein
Tuberous Sclerosis

27
Q

VHL:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

VHL (chrom 3)
tumor suppressor gene
inhib hypoxia inducible factor 1a
VHL disease, RCC

28
Q

WT1/WT2:
Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene
Gene product
Associated Neoplasm

A

WT1/WT2 (chrom 11)
tumor suppressor gene
–
Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma)

29
Q

Carcinogen: Aflatoxins (Aspergillus)
Organ
impact

A

Liver= Hepatocellular carcinoma

30
Q

Carcinogen: Alkylating Agents (chemo)
Organ
impact

A

blood = Leukemia/Lymphoma

31
Q

Carcinogen: Aromatic amines (benzidine, 2-naphthylamine)
Organ
impact

A

Bladder= Transitional cell carcinoma

32
Q

Carcinogen: Arsenic
Organ
impact

A 
Liver = angiosarcoma
Lung= SCC lung cancer
skin= SCC
33
Q

Carcinogen: Asbestos
Organ
impact

A

Lung = Bronchogenic carcinoma > mesothelioma

34
Q

Carcinogen: Carbon tetrachloride
Organ
impact

A

Liver = Centrilobular necrosis & Fatty change

35
Q

Carcinogen: Cigarette smoke
Organ
impact

A 
Bladder= Transitional cell Ca.
Cervix = Cervical carcinoma
Esophagus = SCC/adenocarcinoma
Kidney = Renal cell carcinoma
Larynx = SCC
Lung= SCC & small cell carcinoma
Pancreas - Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
36
Q

Carcinogen: Ethanol
Organ
impact

A 
Esophagus= SCC
Liver = Hepatocellular carcinoma
37
Q

Carcinogen: Ionizing radiation
Organ
impact

A 
Thyroid = Papillary thyroid carcinoma 
Blood= leukemia
38
Q

Carcinogen: Nitrosamine (smoked foods)
Organ
impact

A

stomach = gastric cancer (esp. in Japan)

39
Q

Carcinogen: Radon
Organ
impact

A

Lung = Lung cancer (2nd leading cause after cigarette smoke)

40
Q

Carcinogen: Vinyl chloride (PVC)
Organ
impact

A

Liver= Angiosarcoma

41
Q

3 causes of Angiosarcoma

A

“VAT”

  1. vinyl chloride
  2. arsenic
  3. thorotrast
42
Q

2 major risk factors for Leukemia

A
  1. alkalating agents

2. radiation

43
Q

EBV associated cancers (4)

A
  1. Burkitte
  2. Hodgkin (Reed sternberg cells)
  3. Nasopharyngeal
  4. Primary CNS Lymphoma in immunocompromised
44
Q

Serum tumor marker:

Alkaline phosphatase

A
  1. Mets to bone or liver
  2. Paget disease of bone
  3. seminoma (placenta ALP)
45
Q

Serum tumor marker:

a-fetoprotein (AFP)

A
  1. Hepatocellular ca.
  2. hepatoblastoma
  3. yolk sac tumor
  4. mixed germ cell tumor (typically have some yolk part)
46
Q

Serum tumor marker:

B-hCG

A
  1. Hydatidiform moles
  2. Choriocarcinomas
  3. testicular cancer
  4. mixed germ cell tumor
47
Q

Serum tumor marker:

CA 15-3/ CA 27-29

A

Breast cancer

48
Q

Serum tumor marker:

CA 19-9

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

49
Q

Serum tumor marker:

CA 125

A

Ovarian cancer

50
Q

Serum tumor marker:

Calcitonin

A

Medullary thyroid carcinoma
(b/c medullary c-cells make calcitonin)
(associated with MEN 2a/2b)

51
Q

Serum tumor marker:

CEA (CarinoEmbryonic Antigen)

A
  1. colorectal cancer
  2. pancreatic cancer
  3. gastric cancer
  4. breast cancer
  5. medullary thyroid cancer
52
Q

Serum tumor marker:

PSA

A
  1. Prostate cancer
  2. BPH
  3. prostatitis

Drugs- Basic High Yield Stuff for Boards (20 decks)

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