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pharmacology 2 > pharmacology 2: antiparasitics > Flashcards

pharmacology 2: antiparasitics Flashcards

1
Q

piperizine is a ____blockers

A

competitive NM

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2
Q

levimasole, pyrantel, and morantel are____blockers

A

depolarizing NM

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3
Q

organophosphates are____inhibitors like_____ and_____

A

cholinesterase: dichlorvos and trichlorfon

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4
Q

Emodepside MOA

A

Activating G protein coupled Latorphilin increasing release of inhibitory neuropeptide and PF1 and PF2

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5
Q

MOA of benzimadoles and other drugs that inhibit energy metabolism

A

benzimadoles

block tubulin of parasites microtubules thereby stopping division

inhibition of fumarate reductase, thereby inhibiting mitochondrial metabolism, and depleting glycogen storage

antitrematodals; laravcical; ovicidal

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6
Q

when are the drugs associated with inhibition of energy metabolism not indicated?

A

in pregnant animals as they can be very teratogenic.

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7
Q

MOA of praziquantel and epsiquantel

A

release Ca from parasite muscle stores. the ionic change then pokes holes in the integument

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8
Q

MOA of antiprotozoals

A

inhibition of growth

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9
Q

MOA, uses, etc of amprolium

A

inhibition of thamine receptors, prevent coccidiosis, approved in egg laying hens

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10
Q

MOA, uses, etc of decoquinate (4 hydroquinoline derivatives)

A

inhibition of mintochondrial electron transport, prevent coccidiosis

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11
Q

MOA, uses, etc of ionophores (monesin, lasalocid, saliomycin, narasin)

A

inhibition of rumen microflora, shifting in favor of the production of proprionic acid to promite growth. can bind to cells and make lipid soluable bonds that make it easier to cross cellular membranes

used as a growth promoting, antibacterial, feed additive

all are approved in calves and chickens, monesin in cattle, laslocid is approved in goats.

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12
Q

MOA, uses, etc of sulfonimides (sulfamethoxine, sulfaquinoxine, sulfamethizine)

A

inhibit PAPA- inhibit formation of folic acid- inhibition of DNA synthesis.

growth promoting, decimates the livecycle. treating coccidiosis

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13
Q

MOA, uses, etc of Nicarbazine, tetracyclines, arsanallic acid

A

prevents coccidiosis and is growth promoting.

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14
Q

what is the DOC to treat Giardia

A

metronidazole

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15
Q

MOA of metronidazole?

A

unknown, but we think it intergrates into the genes of giardia to inhibit DNA synthesis. also can only act on aerobic bacteria because of the presence of enzyme reductase

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16
Q

How is metronidazole used and what animals is it approved in

A

PO, liquid or ointment. it is not approved in food animals, is also very teratogenic and not approved in pregnant animals

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17
Q

T/F. can benzimadoles like albendazole and fenbendazole be used to treat Giardia.

A

true

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18
Q

MOA of benzimadoles like albendazole and fenbendazoles

A

inhibit energy metabolism, but they are having a resistance problem, so use metronidazole first. also not good for pregnant animals as is teratogenic.

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19
Q

T/F. Furzolamide is approved for pregnant animals

A

True, and its always a good alternative treatment in a pregnant animal

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20
Q

what is a good treatment of amebiasis.

A

Metronidazole in non food animals is the DOC, in pregnant animals use furzoloamide.

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21
Q

what are good treatments for balantidiasis

A

Metronidazole

tetracyclines if you also need it to be a growth promoter

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22
Q

T/F tetacyclines are broad spectrum

A

true

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23
Q

treatment of trichomoniasis

A

metronidazole in Dogs and Horses
clioquinlol (for the diarrhea itself, bacteria and yeasts)
carnidazole: used specifically for T columbae in pigeons and NOT for those destined for food consumption.

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24
Q

treatment of toxoplasmosis

A

Clindamycin; inhibits protein synthesis by hitting 50s ribosome

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25
Q

treatment of histomonas in birds

A

organic arsenicals like carbarsone,roxarsone, nitarsone

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26
Q

babeosis is horses, and erlichiosis in dogs can both be treated by

A

imidocarb

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27
Q

anaplasmosis can be treated with?

A

oxytetracycline

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28
Q

sarcocystis neurona can be treated with?

A

Navigator (Nitazoxanide) & Ponazuril (horse is gonna try and navigate to the pond)

29
Q

treatment for cryptosporidiosis

A

Paromomycin ($$$),Azithromycin, Nitazoxanide

because paromomycin is so expensive, use nitazoxanide instead

30
Q

treatment of the liver fluke in cattle?

A

clorsulon, but is only effective in adults, and must be repeated every 4 weeks

albendazole

31
Q

what is used to treat diphyllidium and taenia in dogs and cats

A

DiChlorophene

32
Q

used against against Taenia, Dipyllidium, and Echinococcus in dogs and cats, and anopocephala in hoses

A

praziquantel and the MOA is damage to the membranes

33
Q

what, apart from dichlorophene, can be used to treat taenia and diphyllidium in cats and dogs?

A

epsiprantel, MOA is to damage the integrity of membranes

34
Q

fenbendazole can be used to treat

A

Taenia in dogs; giardia. inhibits energy metabolism

can be combined with an antinematodal

35
Q

MOA of ivermectin

A

bind to gaba/glutamate Cl channels to cause paralysis and inhibit egg production

36
Q

Ivermectin uses in cattle

A

injection/pour on. GI roundworms, lungworms, grubs (H bovis/lineatum), Sucking lice, Mites, Scabies, horn flies and biting lice (pour-on)

37
Q

Ivermectin uses in equines

A

PO. GI roundworms, lungworms, bots

38
Q

ivermectin uses in swine

A

PO/Injection- GI roundworms, lungworms, lice, mange mites

39
Q

ivermectin uses in sheep

A

PO- GI roundworms (Hemonchus), lungworms, nasal bots

40
Q

ivermectin use in dogs

A

heartworm…

41
Q

is ivermectin good with goats?

A

goats are extremely sensitive….any use is extralabel

42
Q

eprinomectin uses

A

Pour-on

  • approved in beef and dairy cattle (including lactating)
  • similar activity as ivermectin
43
Q

doramectin uses

A

IM, SC in cattle, same activity as ivermectin

44
Q

selamectin (revolution) uses

A 
Dogs and cats, topically 1x/month.
kills adult fleas and prevents eggs from hatching
prevents HW
ear mites
sarcoptic mange, ticks
treats hookworms and roundworms in cats
45
Q

milbemycin oxime uses

A

is used to prevent heartworm, hookworms, whipworms, roundworms in dogs only…it seems

46
Q

moxidectin uses

A

Cattle: pour-on
Horses: PO, broad spectrum anti-nematodal (quest)
Dogs: PO- prevent HW disease

47
Q

imidocloprid and moxidectin are used in combination for?

A

heartworm prevention and ectoparasite control in cats and dogs

48
Q

a broad spectrum anthelminthic like be benzimadazoles are approved in _____ to treat___

A

cattle;
GI roundworms, lungworms, adult liver flukes, and Moniezia.

can be teratogenic, no no use in breeding cattle, and no use during the first 45 days of pregnancy.

49
Q

fenbendazole or panacur is used in dogs, horses, cattle, and swine

A

Dogs: ascarids, hooks, whips, Taenia

horses: broad specturm anti-nematodal

Cattle: approved in lactating dairy cattle, GI roundworms and lungworms, Moniezia.

50
Q

oxfendazole

A

is also a broad spectrum anthelminthic that is okay in horses and beef cattle, and can be used to treat moniezia in cattle

51
Q

imidthiazoles include?

A

febantel and levamisole

52
Q

MOA of febantel and is used in?

A

A pro-benzimidazole, WIDE safety margin and broad spectrum anti-nematodal

horses, dogs, and cats

53
Q

MOA of levamisole and is used in?

A

NM blocker- narrow safety margin (not very selective, at high dose can affect host)

Approved in cattle, sheep, swine against GI roundworms, lungworms.
-PO, pour-on, or SQ

54
Q

pyrantel is a _____and its MOA is______

A

Tetrohydropyrimidines

Depolarizing NM blockers, relatively safe because they aren’t absorbed from GIT

55
Q

pyrantel can be used in_____ for____

A

everything but ruminants

in dogs…think ascarids and hookworms!!!!!

in horses, think pinworms, roundworms, strongyles, A. perfoliata at high doses

56
Q

morantel is a Tetrohydropyrimidines and can be used to?

A

Approved in lactating dairy cattle (no milk withhold) against GI nematodes
approved in goats

approved in goats against GI nematodes

57
Q

dichlorvos given PO is an ___, but when made into a collar is____

A

antinematodal

treats ectoparasites

58
Q

Dichlorvos is used in Dogs, Cats, and Swine to treat?

A

Dogs: rounds, hooks, whips
Cats: rounds, hooks
Swine: Gi nematodes

59
Q

emodepside and praziquantel are known as_____

A

profender

60
Q

profender is used in ____ as a topical treatment for hookworms, roundworms, and tapeworms (just not whips)

A

cats, its great for feral ats

61
Q

MOA for emodepside

A

acts presynaptically on the neuromuscular synapses where it binds to the latrophilin receptor. This stimulation of the latrophilin receptor leads to the activation of a complex signal transmission cascade. This cascade eventually causes a release of inhibitory neuropeptides into the synaptic gap.

causes paralysis and deathin nematodes

62
Q

narrow spectrum antinematodals include what drugs

A

Piperazine, Toluene, n-butyl chloride, disophenol

63
Q

what is the MOA of piperazine?

A

Competitive NM blockers paralyzes parasite

64
Q

piperazine is approved in?

A

everything but ruminants

65
Q

use of piperazine in chickens, turkeys, swine, horses, dogs, and cats

A

Chickens and Turkeys: large roundworms (pipe looks like a roundworm, makes annoying noises like birds do)
Swine: nodular worms
Horses: large roundworms, strongyles, pinworms
dogs and cats: large roundworms

66
Q

treatment of heartworm disease in dogs require the use of adulticidals like______ and microfilarials like______ and_____

A

melaromine

ivermectin, milbemycin

67
Q

mealromine has arsenic in it, an d must be given___, and is only recommended for____ that must be kept on____

A

IM
dogs

strict rest for 3-4 weeks

68
Q

if ivermectin or milbemycin cause circulatory collapse, what should you do?

A

treat with glucocorticoids and fluid therapy

pharmacology 2 (3 decks)

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