Pharmacology 2

Question 1

What is the most chronic illness in kids

Answer 1

Asthma

Question 2

How many people does asthma effect

Answer 2

20 mil

Question 3

how many people die each year from asthma

Answer 3

5000

estimated 80-90% are preventable

Question 4

What are the symptoms of asthma

Answer 4

Episodic symptoms include
Wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, cough
usually worse at night or early morning

Question 5

What result does asthma give

Answer 5

chronic inflammation of the airway sand prevents air from diffusing into blood

Question 6

What class of drugs is used to treat asthma syptoms

Answer 6

beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists

Question 7

What is a common drug used to treat asthma and its MOA

Answer 7

Albuterol, a short acting agonist at b2-adrenergic receptors

causes bronchodilation via relaxation of smooth muscle by stimulating cAMP production

Question 8

What does cAMP do in smooth muscle

Answer 8

causes it relax, which in the lungs leads to bronodilation

Question 9

What are some of the adverse effects of albuterol

Answer 9

skeletal muscle tremor, tachycardia, headache, Nau/vom, bronchospasm, tolerance

Question 10

What typically causes there to be adverse effects when using albuterol

Answer 10

its mediated by the drug acting at B1 receptors instead of at B2

Question 11

What are the therapeutic indication for albuterol

Answer 11

acute bronchospasm
used for both asthma and COPD
1st line therapy for mild symptoms

Question 12

what are the pharmacokinetics for albuterol

Answer 12

relative short acting
onset of action = 1-3 minutes
duration of action = 3-4 hours

Question 13

What are some other short-acting B2 agonists

Answer 13

Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Pirbuterol (maxair)
Terbutaline (brethaire)

Question 14

How many people around the world as well as america experience chronic pain

Answer 14

1.5 bil worldwide

more than 100 mil americans

Question 15

What is the most commonly prescribed analgesic

Answer 15

Opiods

they are derived from opium poppy (morphine, codeine)

Question 16

What is Morphine’s MOA

Answer 16

agonist at Mu opioid receptors
this inhibits pain-transmitting nerves int he brain and spinal cord via:
inhibiting Ca2+ conductance
increasing K+ conductance

Question 17

What is the therapeutic indication of morphine

Answer 17

Moderate to severe pain
first-line therapy in MI-related pain
Second or third-line therapy for cough

Question 18

What are the pharmacokinetics of morphine

Answer 18

Half-life is variable (2-4 hours)
converted to morphine-6-glucorunide in the liver
excreted in the urine as morphine-3-glucouronide

Question 19

What are the adverse effects of morphine

Answer 19

Sedation, pruritus(itching), N/V, miosis(constricting of pupils), constipation, respiratory suppression, euphoria

Question 20

What are the contraindications of Morphine

Answer 20

CV - cor pulmonale, hemorrhage (shortness of breath, hypotension
respiratory - emphysema, asthma
hepatic disease (inc in bioavailability)
renal disease (impaired clearance (can increase hald-life by 10xs)