Intro To Micro Antibiotic Pharmacology

Question 1

What are Gram Positive organisms

Answer 1

Large peptidoglycan component of cell wall. this allows them to maintain and absorb crystal violet stain

Question 2

Colonization of Normal flora

Answer 2

Just means they live with us, changes over time and we gain more and more diverse flora

Question 3

Why do you want narrow as opposed to broad

Answer 3

Narrow specifically targets the pathogen while broad will kill all the flora which can lead to antibiotic resistance

Question 4

How does antimicrobial usually get into pathogen for gram neg

Answer 4

Using porin proteins in the cell wall

Question 5

How many organisms cause diseases at a time

Answer 5

typically only one but there are cases of more than one

Question 6

What is typically used in treating bacteria

Answer 6

antibiotic, only treats bacteria

Question 7

Flouoroquinolones antibiotics

Answer 7

Are DNA inhibitors and bind at DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

Question 8

Antimicrobial

Answer 8

Antibiotic that treats any kind of bacteria or virus or funcus

Question 9

How does antimicrobial usually enter a gram positive cell

Answer 9

passive diffusion thro cell wall

Question 10

Common Macrolides and Tetracycline antibiotics

Answer 10

Azthroymcyin, clorthromycin (macrolides)

Tetraycline, minocycline and doxycycline (terayline)

Question 11

What are the requirements for antimicrobial activity

Answer 11

1. Reach site of infection
2. Penetrate cell
3. reach target and kill organism

Question 12

What is the common bacterial morpholgies

Answer 12

Coccus (round), Bacillus (tube like/rod)

Question 13

What are Gram Negative organism

Answer 13

Small peptidoglycan component in cell wall. Meaning alcohol decolonizes CV and must use safranin to stain it

Question 14

What is treatment of infectious diseases depend on

Answer 14

1. Site of infection (does antibotic get to it)
2. the Pathogen (does the antibiotic treat it, is it narrow or broad spectrum)
3. patient factors (does pt have risk factors that make the pathogen resistant)
4. Route of administration (oral or IV)
5. Cost (how much does it cost the pt

Question 15

Most common gram negative

Answer 15

Enterobacteriacease Family (e. coli) Pseudomonas aerginosa, haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), moraxella catterhalis (respiratory infection)

Question 16

How does a pathogen relate to an infection

Answer 16

directly related to the signs and symptoms, because its there out immune system responds

Question 17

Bacteria

Answer 17

Single celled organisms, no true nucleus (prokaryotic), very diverse. Most not harmful,

Question 18

what are the most common gram positive pathogens

Answer 18

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus

Question 19

What does Normal Flora due in terms of diseases

Answer 19

Does not cause signs/symptoms, just living there

Question 20

Beta-Lactans (penicillins, cephalospotins, carbapenems, monbactams) how do they work

Answer 20

Cell Wall inhibitors:

Work at penicillin-binding proteins to disrupt cell wall

Question 21

Gram Stain process

Answer 21

4 steps
1. Using crystal violet
    Causes everything to be purple
2. Iodine
    used to set everything in place, intensifies CV
3. Alcohol (decoloring step)
    removes violet from G- bacteria
4. Safranin
    colors G- to be red

Question 22

Pathogen

Answer 22

Organism which is causing disease (infection)

Question 23

Normal Flora

Answer 23

Have these all over and they coexist without causing harm

Question 24

Macrolides and Tetraycline antiboitc classes

Answer 24

Protein Inhibitors

Bind at ribosomes to block protein production and stopping pathogen