Intro To Micro Antibiotic Pharmacology Flashcards
What are Gram Positive organisms
Large peptidoglycan component of cell wall. this allows them to maintain and absorb crystal violet stain
Colonization of Normal flora
Just means they live with us, changes over time and we gain more and more diverse flora
Why do you want narrow as opposed to broad
Narrow specifically targets the pathogen while broad will kill all the flora which can lead to antibiotic resistance
How does antimicrobial usually get into pathogen for gram neg
Using porin proteins in the cell wall
How many organisms cause diseases at a time
typically only one but there are cases of more than one
What is typically used in treating bacteria
antibiotic, only treats bacteria
Flouoroquinolones antibiotics
Are DNA inhibitors and bind at DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
Antimicrobial
Antibiotic that treats any kind of bacteria or virus or funcus
How does antimicrobial usually enter a gram positive cell
passive diffusion thro cell wall
Common Macrolides and Tetracycline antibiotics
Azthroymcyin, clorthromycin (macrolides)
Tetraycline, minocycline and doxycycline (terayline)
What are the requirements for antimicrobial activity
- Reach site of infection
- Penetrate cell
- reach target and kill organism
What is the common bacterial morpholgies
Coccus (round), Bacillus (tube like/rod)
What are Gram Negative organism
Small peptidoglycan component in cell wall. Meaning alcohol decolonizes CV and must use safranin to stain it
What is treatment of infectious diseases depend on
- Site of infection (does antibotic get to it)
- the Pathogen (does the antibiotic treat it, is it narrow or broad spectrum)
- patient factors (does pt have risk factors that make the pathogen resistant)
- Route of administration (oral or IV)
- Cost (how much does it cost the pt
Most common gram negative
Enterobacteriacease Family (e. coli) Pseudomonas aerginosa, haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), moraxella catterhalis (respiratory infection)
How does a pathogen relate to an infection
directly related to the signs and symptoms, because its there out immune system responds
Bacteria
Single celled organisms, no true nucleus (prokaryotic), very diverse. Most not harmful,
what are the most common gram positive pathogens
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus
What does Normal Flora due in terms of diseases
Does not cause signs/symptoms, just living there
Beta-Lactans (penicillins, cephalospotins, carbapenems, monbactams) how do they work
Cell Wall inhibitors:
Work at penicillin-binding proteins to disrupt cell wall
Gram Stain process
4 steps
1. Using crystal violet
Causes everything to be purple
2. Iodine
used to set everything in place, intensifies CV
3. Alcohol (decoloring step)
removes violet from G- bacteria
4. Safranin
colors G- to be redPathogen
Organism which is causing disease (infection)
Normal Flora
Have these all over and they coexist without causing harm
Macrolides and Tetraycline antiboitc classes
Protein Inhibitors
Bind at ribosomes to block protein production and stopping pathogen
