Pharmacology

Question 1

What are five key points of drugs?

Answer 1

Classifications, Actions, Interactions, Reactions, Principles/Methods of Administration

Question 2

What is Pharmacology?

Answer 2

Science concerned with origin, nature, effects & uses of drugs; Study actions and drug interactions with living organisms

Question 3

What are drugs?

Answer 3

Chemical substances that are not required for normal maintenance of body function

Question 4

How are drugs named?

Answer 4

Action or Name (Chemical, Generic, Trade)

Question 5

What is the chemical name?

Answer 5

Identified actual drug structure; complex

Question 6

What is the generic name?

Answer 6

Name given to drug before official use; simpler & never capitalized; Only one but best known by

Question 7

What is the brand/trade name?

Answer 7

Name given to drug manufactured by specific company; Short & easy; Trademark, brand, trade, proprietary name

Question 8

What is the action drug classification?

Answer 8

Function, Drug families/Similar chemical group (Analgesics, antiinflammatories), Not reliable

Question 9

What is the definition of drug forms?

Answer 9

Manner in which chemical agent is transported into body

Question 10

What are different drug forms?

Answer 10

Tablet, Capsule, Inhalant, Suppository, Solution, Suspension, Transdermal patches

Question 11

What are four different drug routes?

Answer 11

Oral, Topical, Sublingual, Parenteral

Question 12

What is the oral route?

Answer 12

Most common, pt must be conscious, longer absorption time

Question 13

What is the topical route?

Answer 13

Directly on skin, absorbed in bloodstream, transdermal patch

Question 14

What is the sublingual route?

Answer 14

Under tongue but not swallowed, rapid absorption

Question 15

What is the parenteral route?

Answer 15

Injection/route other than GI tract, common routes

Question 16

What are Analgestic drugs?

Answer 16

Relieve pain w/o loss of consciousness; 2 Groups: Nonnarcotic & Narcotic

Question 17

What are Nonnarcotic drugs?

Answer 17

Nonopioids; Analgesic; Mild - Moderate pain; Tylenol, motrin, advil

Question 18

What are Narcotic drugs?

Answer 18

Opioids; Analgesic; Moderate - Severe pain; Morphine, Oxycodone

Question 19

What are Anesthetic drugs?

Answer 19

Act on CNS to produce loss of sensation; 2 Groups: General & Local

Question 20

What are General Anesthetics?

Answer 20

Produce muscle relaxation & loss of consciousness; Surgical procedures; Diprivan, Propofol

Question 21

What are Local Anesthetics?

Answer 21

Block nerve conduction from area of body to CNS; Lidocaine, xylocaine

Question 22

What are antianxiety drugs?

Answer 22

Used for treatment of anxiety; Act on CNS to calm/relax anxious patient; Diazepam (Valium), Lorazepam (Ativan)

Question 23

What are anticoagulants?

Answer 23

Inhibit clotting of blood/increase coagulation time; Prevent/treat thromboembolic disorders; Heparin (IV), Coumadin (Oral); Monitor for hemorrhage for Interventional procedures

Question 24

What are antidiabetic drugs?

Answer 24

Treat Type 2 diabetes; IVP exam; Metformin (Glucophage)

Question 25

What are antiemetic drugs?

Answer 25

Prevents/treats nausea/vomiting; Before onset of symptoms; Prochlorperazine (compazine), ondansetromn (Zofran)

Question 26

What are antihistamines?

Answer 26

Treat allergic disorders, upper respiratory tract infections, common cold; 2 Groups: Sedating disphenhydramine (Benadryl) & Nonsedating loratadine (Claritin)

Question 27

What are diuretics?

Answer 27

Increase amount of urine excreted by kidneys; CHF patients; furosemide (Lasix)

Question 28

What are vasoconstrictors?

Answer 28

Blood vessels constrict; Increase heart action/BP; norephinephrine (Levophed)

Question 29

What are vasodilators?

Answer 29

Blood vessels dilate; nitroglycerin

Question 30

What are contrast media routes?

Answer 30

IV, Oral, Rectal; Bolus: IV in large dose over minutes; Infusion: IV over extended period of time

Question 31

What is barium?

Answer 31

Most common type of contrast media for GI images; High atomic number (56)

Question 32

Ionic vs Nonionic contrast

Answer 32

Differs in number of particles in solution; NOT number of iodine compounds

Question 33

What is Osmolality in Ionic & Nonionic contrast?

Answer 33

Weight of ion; Ionic has higher osmolality, Nonionic has osmolality close to human plasma (less reactions)

Question 34

What are side effects of IV contrast?

Answer 34

Feeling of warmth/flushing, metallic taste in mouth; Adverse reactions (mild-severe); Vasovagal response (reaction to prodecure, not contrast; high anxiety)

Question 35

When do most IV contrast reactions happen?

Answer 35

Within first five minutes after administration

Question 36

What are the five golden rules of drug administration?

Answer 36

Right Drug, Amount, Patient, Time, Route

Question 37

What are components of a plastic syringe?

Answer 37

Tip, Barrel & Plunger; 1 - 50mL capacity; Luer-Lock syringes: locking device on tip to hold needle in place

Question 38

What are components of a needle?

Answer 38

Bevel, Cannula/Shaft, Hub; Gauge: thickness/diameter of needle, 14 - 28, determined by viscosity of fluid; Length measures shaft portion in inches, 1/2 - 4 1/2in, determined by area of injection/condition of pt

Question 39

What is the needle rule?

Answer 39

Smaller shaft diameter = larger gauge number; 18 used to draw drug/solution into syringe but seldom injects patient

Question 40

What are the two types of bevels?

Answer 40

Long: subcutaneous/intramuscular; Short: intravenous

Question 41

What are two container types?

Answer 41

Ampule: sealed glass container for single dose/one use; Vial: small glass bottle w/ sealed rubber/plastic cap & metal band w/ different sizes/multiple doses

Question 42

What are things to consider when determining best location for venipuncture?

Answer 42

Type of contrast, length of procedure, bolus/infusion, age & physical condition of pt; NEVER use anterior wrist

Question 43

What are the steps for venipuncture?

Answer 43

Indentify; Gather supplies/wash hands; apply tourniquet (antecubital area); clean with antiseptic; anchor vein w/ needle 20 - 30 degrees; look for blood return; secure & connect syringe