pharmacology Flashcards
what is neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with
withdrawal of anti-parkinsons drugs
pathophysiology of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
sudden decrease in central dopamine activity
clinical presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
hyperthermia, altered mental status, lead pipe rigidity
investigation indicating malignant neuroleptic syndrome
elevated CK !!!
what is leadpipe rigidity
involuntary increase in muscle tone present throughout the range of movement
management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
cessation of dopamine antagonists or restarting dopamine agonists
rehydration + cooling
when does neuroleptic malignant syndrome usually occur
within 10 days of onset/alteration of drugs
what is serotonin syndrome
drug-induced condition that occurs because of excess serotonin in the central nervous system
when does serotonin syndrome usually present
within 24 hours of a medication overdose
name some drugs typically associated with serotonin syndrome
antidepressants, triptans and tramadol
classic presentation of serotonin syndrome
altered mental status
autonomic hyperactivity: hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypertension, flushing
neuromuscular abnormalities: tremor, clonus, rigidity
what is the mechanism of action of sodium valproate
enhances GABA synthesis
name a common dopaminergic drug and its indication
levodopa in parkinsons
name some adverse effects of dopamine agonists
impulse control disorders !!
hallucinations are commonly associated in elderly patients
name some cholinesterase inhibitors and their indication
slow cognitive decline in dementia
donepezil, galantamine
contraindication for cholinesterase inhibitors
may worsen COPD or asthma
when is memantine indicated
in moderate and sever alzheimers or when cholinesterase inhibitors aren’t tolerated
mechanism of action of memantine
NMDA receptor antagonist
what needs to be checked before starting memantine and why
blood pressure - can cause hypertension
what receptors do opioids work on
G protein coupled receptors
what is used to reverse opioid toxicity
naloxone
name 2 NSAIDs
naproxen and ibuprofen
what is the main indication for NSAIDs
inflammatory pain
mechanism of action of NSAIDs
inhibit COX 1 and 2
when are NSAIDs contraindicated
GI bleeding and ulceration
what can be given in conjunction to NSAIDs to reduce adverse effects
PPIs
name some tricyclic antidepressants
amitriptyline, clomipramine, nortriptyline
what is an indication for carbamazepine
first line in trigeminal neuralgia
whats the difference between opioids and opiates
opioids are any substance that bind to opioid receptors
opiates are made from opium
all opiates are opioids but not all opioids are opiates
