Pharmacology

Question 1

3 Adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors / ARBs

Answer 1

ACE:
1. Angioedema
1. Cough
1. Elevated K+
(Lisinopril, Losartan)

Question 2

3 AE Beta-Blockers

Answer 2

1. Bronchospasm (asthma exacerbation)
2. Bradycardia
3. AV block

(Metoprolol, Carvedilol. “Beta-blocks the heart & lungs”)

Question 3

2 AE Loop Diuretics

Answer 3

1. Ototoxicity
2. Hypokalemia

(Furosemide; “Loops Lose K+”)

Question 4

AE Thiazide Diuretics

(“Thiazides Take out Na+, Keep Ca2+”)

Answer 4

1. Hypercalemia
2. Hyponatremia
3. Hypokalemia

(HCTZ; “HyperCLUC: Glucose, Lipids, Uric acid, Calcium”)

Question 5

2 AE Spironolactone

(Aldosterone antagonist; blocks Na+ and K+ excretionin collecting duct)

Answer 5

1. Hyperkalemia (thiazides → hypokalemia)
2. Gynecomastia

(“Spironolactone = Spares K+, Spares Hair (gynecomastia)”)

Question 6

2 AE of Statins

Answer 6

1. Myopathy
2. Hepatotoxicity

(Atorvastatin; “Statins Strain the muscles”)

Question 7

3 AE Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 7

1. Constipation
2. Pectoris angina
3. Edema

(Amlodipine, Diltiazem; “CCB = Can Cause Bloated ankles”)

Question 8

3 AE of Amiodarone

Answer 8

1. thyroid dysfunction
2. pulmonary fibrosis
3. hepatotoxicity

(Amiodarone; “PFTs, LFTs, TFTs for Amiodarone”)

Question 9

2 AE of Metformin

Answer 9

1. Lactic acidosis
2. B12 deficiency

(“Metformin = mitochondria poison”)

Question 10

2 AE of Sulfonylureas (aka Glipizide)

Answer 10

1. Hypoglycemia
2. Weight gain

(“Glipizide/Sulfonylureas stuff you with sugar (hypoglycemia risk”)

Question 11

3 AE of SGLT2 inhibitors (-“flozins”)

Answer 11

1. UTIs
2. DKA
3. Dehydration

Empagliflozin; “SGLT2 = Sugar Gets Left in Tubules (UTIs, dehydration)”)

Question 12

2 AE of PPIs

Answer 12

1. C. diff infection
2. osteoporosis

(Omeprazole; “PPIs = Proton Pump Itself down (bone loss, infection”)

Question 13

2 AE of Warfarin

Answer 13

1. Bleeding
2. Skin necrosis (protein C deficiency)

(Warfarin; “WARfarin causes WAR on skin (necrosis)”)