Pharmacology Flashcards
What class of drugs do Diazepam and Midazolam belong to?
Central nervous system depressants.
What is the mechanism of action for Benzodiazepines?
Bind to benzodiazepine receptors on chloride channels, enhancing GABA activity, leading to hyperpolarization of neurons and reduced action potentials.
What are the clinical uses of Benzodiazepines?
Effective for managing seizures, anxiety, and sedation during procedures.
What class of drug is Salbutamol?
Selective beta-2 adrenoseptor agonist.
What is the mechanism of action for Salbutamol?
Stimulates beta-2 receptors in the lungs, causing bronchodilation; also affects peripheral muscles and the uterus.
What are the primary effects of Salbutamol?
Primarily bronchodilation, with mild tachycardia as a secondary effect.
What class of drug is Atropine?
Anticholinergic (cholinergic receptor antagonist).
What is the mechanism of action for Atropine?
Blocks acetylcholine at muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, altering physiological responses in the heart and smooth muscles.
What are the clinical uses of Atropine?
Increases heart rate in bradycardia, reduces salivation, and treats organophosphate poisoning.
What class of drug is Ondansetron?
5-HT3 receptor antagonist.
What is the mechanism of action for Ondansetron?
Blocks serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, preventing nausea and vomiting signals.
What are the clinical uses of Ondansetron?
Effective for nausea related to chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy.
What class of drug is Chlorphenamine?
Histamine 1 receptor antagonist.
What is the mechanism of action for Chlorphenamine?
Blocks histamine action, reducing symptoms of allergic responses like vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
What are the clinical uses of Chlorphenamine?
Treats allergies, hay fever, and cold symptoms.
What class of drug is Amiodarone?
Class 3 antiarrhythmic.
What is the mechanism of action for Amiodarone?
Blocks potassium channels, prolonging repolarization and action potential duration, stabilizing heart rhythm.
What are the clinical uses of Amiodarone?
Manages various arrhythmias by preventing abnormal electrical signals.
What class of drug is Adrenaline?
Adrenergic receptor agonist.
What is the mechanism of action for Adrenaline?
Stimulates alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors, leading to vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and bronchodilation.
What are the clinical uses of Adrenaline?
Used in emergencies for anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and severe asthma attacks.
What class of drugs do Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, and Dexamethasone belong to?
Steroid anti-inflammatory drugs.
What is the mechanism of action for corticosteroids?
Convert to lipocortin, inhibiting phospholipase A2, blocking inflammation pathways.
What are the clinical uses of corticosteroids?
Treat inflammation, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.
What class of drug is Aspirin?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
What is the mechanism of action for Aspirin?
Inhibits cyclooxygenase, reducing pain and inflammation by blocking prostaglandin synthesis.
What are the clinical uses of Aspirin?
Pain relief, antipyretic, and prevention of clot formation in acute coronary syndrome.
What is the function of Morphine?
Binds to mu receptors for pain relief, causing euphoria and sedation, with side effects like respiratory depression.
What is the function of Naloxone?
Opioid antagonist that blocks mu receptors, reversing opioid effects, crucial in overdose situations.
What class of drug is Furuzamide?
Diuretic.
What is the mechanism of action for Furuzamide?
Acts on the loop of Henle to block sodium and chloride reabsorption, increasing urine output.
What are the clinical uses of Furuzamide?
Manages fluid retention and electrolyte balance.
What is the function of Glucagon?
Raises blood sugar levels by signaling the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.
What are the clinical uses of Glucagon?
Counteracts hypoglycemia, providing energy until food intake.
What are the differences between Adrenaline and Noradrenaline?
Adrenaline: Hormone with broader effects, including vasoconstriction and bronchodilation. Noradrenaline: Neurotransmitter primarily involved in the sympathetic nervous system.
What class of drug is Ipratropium Bromide?
Muscarinic receptor antagonist.
What is the mechanism of action for Ipratropium Bromide?
Blocks acetylcholine, preventing airway constriction and facilitating breathing.
What are the clinical uses of Ipratropium Bromide?
Treats asthma and COPD.
