MSK Flashcards
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
An autoimmune disease targeting the synovial membrane around joints, particularly in the hands, wrists, and feet.
What is the pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
The immune system attacks the synovial membrane,
causing inflammation and localized vasodilation, leading to swelling.
Unlike osteoarthritis, cartilage destruction is immune-mediated, resulting in decreased joint space.
What are the symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Joint pain and stiffness, especially in the morning;
swelling and tenderness in affected joints;
fatigue and general malaise.
What is the impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Chronic inflammation can lead to joint deformities and systemic complications.
What is Scoliosis?
A sideways curvature of the spine, often in an S shape,
typically appearing during puberty due to growth spurts.
What is Kyphosis?
An abnormal anterior-posterior curvature of the spine
, where the upper thoracic spine protrudes posteriorly.
What is Ankylosis?
Stiffness or immobility of joints, often due to fusion or inflammation, commonly affecting the spine.
What is Lordosis?
An exaggerated inward curve of the lumbar spine, potentially causing discomfort.
What is Osteoporosis?
Characterized by abnormal bone density loss.
What are the bone health processes?
Bone Formation: Creating new bone. Bone Resorption: Breaking down old bone.
How does estrogen impact osteoporosis?
Postmenopausal women experience decreased estrogen levels, increasing bone resorption and disrupting the balance necessary for healthy bone density.
What are the key points about osteoporosis?
Weakened bones lead to a higher risk of fractures, emphasizing the importance of hormonal influences on bone health.
What is Osteoarthritis?
A degenerative joint disease characterized by wear and tear.
What is the pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis?
Cartilage on articulating bones wears down, causing inflammation and reduced joint movement. Decreased joint space can lead to bones rubbing against each other, forming osteophytes (bone spurs).
What are the symptoms of Osteoarthritis?
Pain and stiffness in joints; reduced flexibility and range of motion; swelling and tenderness.
What is the impact of Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis significantly affects daily activities and quality of life due to pain and limited mobility.
