Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

Effective Dose: test drug causing defined effect in 50% of the animal. ED₅₀

Lethal dose: Test drug that kills 50% of the animals. LD₅₀

Question 2

Therapeutic Index

Answer 2

• a.k.a. Margin of Safety
• Dose or dosage that produces desired effect.
• Minimal or no signs of toxicity
• LD₅₀/ED₅₀
• Wide Therapeutic index: drug produces desired effect w/o approaching toxicity

Question 3

Therapeutic Range

Answer 3

Drug concentration in the body producing desired effect with minimal or no signs of toxicity

Question 4

Non water soluble drugs

Answer 4

cannot be given via IV

Question 5

Solutions vs Suspension

Answer 5

Solution: Clear liquids with solvents and solutes

(Solute dissolves in solvent)

Suspensions: Liquid containing solid drug particles

Question 6

Drug Dose

Loading Dose

Maintenance Dose

Total Daily Dose

Answer 6

Amount of drug given at once to acheive desired effect

Initial dose

dose of drug that maintains therapeutic range

Total amount of drug given in 24 hours

Question 7

Drug Dosage

Dosage Interval

Complete Dosage Regimen

Answer 7

Amount of drug given based on weight/measure (mg/kg)

How frequently the dosage is given (BID)

Dosage Interval + Dosage (mg/kg BID IV X5 days)

Question 8

Biotransformation

Answer 8

Drug metabolism

Drug inactivation

Drug detoxification

Primary site: Liver

Chemcial alteration of drug molecules by body cells from activated form to inactivated form or toxic form

Question 9

Compounding

Answer 9

When health professionals prepare a specialized drug to fill an individual patient’s need when an approved drug is not available