Final Flashcards

1
Q

Control hemostasis

Can be straight or curved

Has horizontal serrations extends only 1/2 the length of jaw

A

Kelly Forcep aka Kelly Hemostatic Forceps

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2
Q

Control hemostasis

Serrations on entire Jaw

A

Crile Hemostatic Forcep

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3
Q

Clamp large vessels or large tissue masses

approx. 8” long

Jaw is 31/2” long

Long vertical serrations with checkered serrations at the tip

A

Rochester-Carmalt

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4
Q

Grasping skin such as Linea alba

Removing tissues from patient such as tumor & skin

A

Allis Tissue Forceps

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5
Q

Used on any vessels that is no long viable to the body such as Uterine stump

Not a true hemostat

A

Ferguson Angiotribe

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6
Q

Used to aid the placement of bandages or wound dressings

No teeth

Flat

A

Adson Dressing Forcep

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7
Q

Used in general surgery

In most surgical packs

Has 9 little teeths on tip

A

Adson Brown Thumb Tissue Forcep

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8
Q

Has “rat-teeth” on the tip

A

Adson Brown with Teeth

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9
Q

10 - Most Common

Larger blades are for large animals

A

Surgical Blades

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10
Q

units of measurement are used for photographic documentation

A

Bard Parker Handle

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11
Q

Aids in making incisions in the linea alba

Provides a channel for the scalpel to follow to avoid accidental incision of the abdominal viscera

A

Groove Director

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12
Q

Used to secure drape on the patient

Penetrating

31/2 or 51/2 inch size

A

Backhaus Towel Clamp

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13
Q

Used to secure drape on the patient

Has balls on tips to prevent excessive penetration into tissue

A

Backhaus Roeder Towelclamp

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14
Q

Used to secure drape on the patient

Ideal for small or exotic patients

Smaller and lightweight than Backhaus style towel clamps

A

Jones Towel Clamp

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15
Q

Locate and exteriorize uterine horns in an ovariohysterectomy

A

Spay Hook

aka

Snook Hook

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16
Q

Common needle holder

Comes in different lengths

A

Mayo Hegar

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17
Q

Needle holder with built in scissor at the jaw for cutting suture

Comes in different sizes

A

Olsen Hegar

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18
Q

Retract or deflect tissues away from surgical field

Handheld, double ended

One end is narrow with blunt blade

Other end is toothed, traumatic end

(Teeth may be sharp or blunt)

A

Senn Retractor

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19
Q

Retract or deflect tissues away from surgical field

Self retraining

Fairly traumatic for soft tissue surgeries

More often in orthopedic and neurological procedures

A

Gelpi Rectractor

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20
Q

Retract or deflect tissues away from surgical field

Self retaining with teeth (blunt or sharp)

Used generally in orthopedic procedures and also soft tissue surgery

A

Weitlander Rectractor

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21
Q

For delicate dissection

Thin, delicate blades

Straight or curved

A

Metzenbaum Dissecting Scissor

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22
Q

Used when cutting through large muscles masses, cartilages and other non-delicate tissues

Thick blades

Can be straight or curved

A

Mayo Dressing Scissors

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23
Q

A

Littauer Suture scissors

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24
Q
A

Knoles bandage scissor

25
Q
A

rochester ochsner

26
Q

A

Doyan Intestinal forcep

Prevents spillage of bowel

27
Q
A
28
Q

O2 Flowmeter

Flow rate

A

100ml/kg/min

find (L)

note: 0.5L is minimum

29
Q

resevoir bag

A

60ml/kg

find in (L)

30
Q

Induction vs maintanence

A

induction: 50-100ml/kg/min

3-5%

Maintanence: 25ml-50ml/kg/min

1.5-2.5%

31
Q

O2 tank

A

psi x 0.3 = L

L x min/L/60

32
Q

Wrap Packing

A

Sterilizing instrument packs are: Cotton, Linen, paper or plastic

Be able to withstand heat, moisture and steam

33
Q

Instruments

A

Soak in warm water and detergent

Place in ultrasonic cleaner: 12-15 mins

Rinse thoroughly

Blot dry

34
Q

SURGICAL PACKS

A

2 HALSTED-MOSQUITO HEMOSTATS, CURVED 5-INCH
2 KELLY or CRILE HEMOSTATS, CURVED 5½-INCH
2 ROCHESTER-CARMALT or 2 KELLY or CRILE HEMOSTATS, STRAIGHT 5½-INCH
1 MAYO-HEGAR NEEDLE HOLDERS, 7-INCH
1 ADSON-BROWN TISSUE FORCEPS
1 THUMB DRESSING/TISSUE FORCEPS
2 ALLIS TISSUE FORCEPS, 6-INCH
4 BACKHAUS or JONES TOWEL CLAMPS, 5½-INCH
1 OPERATING SCISSORS, SHARP-BLUNT CURVED 5-INCH
1 MAYO SURGICAL SCISSORS
1 NO. 3 BLADE HANDLE
1 OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY “SPAY” HOOK
INSTRUMENT TRAY
SALINE BOWL
10 GAUZE SPONGES

35
Q

Gown Pack

Make 2

A

1 Gown

Towel

Indicator strip

36
Q

Drape pack

A

4 drapes (accordian folder, dog ear)

indicator stripe

37
Q

Instrument pack

A

Instrument tray

Saline bowl

10 gauze sq

4 towel clamp place on 2 pc of gauze in saline bowl

indicator stripe

38
Q

Autoclave

A

121C

15psi

for 10-12 mins, 20 mins recommended

Check distilled water level. Must be halfway b/t min and max

39
Q

Circulating nurse vs surgical nurse

A

circulating: dirty
surgical: must be scrubbed

40
Q

Clipping

A

Female

Xiphoid process down to pubic bone

1-1.5” off the sides

Midway to the stifles

Male

Do not shave pupice or scrotum

shave midway of abdomen down to the stifles

41
Q

Scrubbing patient

A

up down circle flip

Scrub (degreaser)

Alcohol

Scrub

Alcohol

Scrub

Alcohol

Take to surgical room

Scrub

Alcohol

Paint with betadine

42
Q

Anesthetic machine color

A

Green - O2

Blue - Desoflurane

Purple - Isoflurane

Yellow - Sevoflurane

43
Q

Rebreathing system

A

A) Oxygen source with pressure gauge - Oxygen is supplied to the animal. It also is the carrier gas that brings the inhaled anesthetic to the pet.

B) Pressure reducing valve - This valve decreases the high pressure from the oxygen tank to a usable level.

C) Flowmeter - This allows the anesthetist to determine the rate the oxygen will flow to the animal.

D) Oxygen flush valve - This valve allows oxygen to flow directly to the animal bypassing the anesthesia. It is used to quickly increase the amount of oxygen and decrease the anesthesia in the system. This is done at the end of the anesthesia or if the animal is at too deep of a plane of anesthesia during the surgery.

E) Vaporizer - The vaporizer converts the liquid anesthetic to a gas state and adds controlled amounts of the gas anesthetic to the oxygen that is flowing through the machine.

F) Inhalation valve - This allows the gases to flow only to the animal and not back to the vaporizer, by way of a one-way valve.

G) Inhalation hose - This hose carries the gases to the animal.

H) Connecting port - The rebreathing system has a Y piece which connects the inhalation hose, endotracheal tube, and exhalation hose.

I) Endotracheal tube - This tube is placed into the animal’s trachea (windpipe) to allow the oxygen and gases to be breathed into the lungs.

J) Exhalation hose - This hose carries the gases the animal breathed out back to the anesthetic machine.

K) Exhalation valve - This allows the exhaled gases to flow only into the anesthetic machine, not back to the animal, by way of a one-way valve.

L) Rebreathing (reservoir) bag - This is an inflatable rubber bag which allows the accumulation of fresh and expired gas during exhalation so that a reservoir of gas is available for the next breath. The bag also acts as a safety device to prevent rapid pressure increases in the system. It can be manually squeezed to ‘bag’ an animal as needed during surgery to assist breathing.

M) Pop-off valve - This is a pressure relief valve that allows the release of waste gases and extra pressure from the system into the scavenger hose.

N) Scavenger hose - This hose carries waste gases (e.g., oxygen, nitrous oxide, inhalation anesthetic, and carbon dioxide) out of the system and out of the building.

O) CO2 absorber canister - Any gases that do exit through the pop-off valve pass through the carbon dioxide absorber before returning to the animal. The chemicals in the container remove carbon dioxide from the gases that pass through it.

44
Q

Non Rebreathing system

A

The first three parts are the same as with the rebreathing system.

A) Oxygen source with pressure gauge

B) Pressure reducing valve

C) Flowmeter

It is at this point that the system changes. The nonrebreathing system does not have each of the parts of a rebreathing system. It does have:

E) Vaporizer - The vaporizer converts the liquid anesthetic to a gas state and adds controlled amounts of the gas anesthetic to the oxygen that is flowing through the machine.

G) Inhalation hose - The gases exit the vaporizer and go directly into a hose for delivery to the animal.

H) Connecting port - This connects the inhalation and exhalation hoses to the endotracheal tube.

I) Endotracheal tube - This tube is placed into the animal’s trachea to allow the oxygen and gases to be breathed into the lungs.

J) Exhalation hose - Exhaled gases pass through this tube directly to the reservoir bag.

L) Rebreathing (reservoir) bag - Exhaled gases pass into the reservoir bag.

M) Pop-off valve - This is a pressure relief valve that allows the release of waste gases and extra pressure from the system into the scavenger hose.

N) Scavenger hose - Exhaled gases pass from the reservoir bag and out of the system (and building) through the scavenger hose.

45
Q

pH

A

Normal Blood: 7.40 = 40 namoMols/liter (H+)

measures: moles / L

46
Q

Henderson Hasselbalch Equation

A

pH = pK + log ([HCO3] / [CO2])

Interaction b/t CO2 and bicarbonate

47
Q

pCO2

PaO2

SaO2

A

Partial Pressure of CO2

Arterial blood: 35-45mmHg

Mixed venous PCO2: 42-52mmHG

Partial Pressure Oxygen

Arterial Blood: 70-100mmHg

Mixed Venous: 35-40mmHg

Normal Value: 5x% inspired air

Room air: 100mmHg

100% oxygen - 500mmHg

Hypoxemia <60mmHg

Oxygen Saturation

Arterial: >95%

Mixed Venous: 65-75%

Hypoxemia: <90% saturation

48
Q

Acidosis vs Alkalosis

A

Acidosis

Respiratory Acidosis - Build up of CO2 & High PCO2

Metabolic Acidosis - increase in metabolic acid & loss of bicarbonate

Alkalosis

Respiratory Alkalosis - Elimination in CO2 & low PCO2

Metabolic Alkalosis - Loss of acid

49
Q

Anion Gap

A

Major anions - major cations

i.e. (Na+ + K+) - (CL- - HCO3-)

High anion gap = loss in bicarbonate and replaced by unmeasured anions (lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, uremia, toxins)

Dogs: 10-18

Cats: 12-19

ECF (extracellular fluid): 20% of body

Treatable Vol.: 30%

50
Q

Awkward Inverse

Hydrogen

pH

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Hydrogen: When H ion loses an electron to become H+

pH: Decrease in pH = increase in acidity

Metabolic Acidosis: Negative base excess. Decrease in BE = increase acidemia

51
Q

Acid regulation/elimination

A

Metabolic acids

  • lactic
  • pyruvic
  • keto-acids of diabetic acidosis

main regulators of acid: lungs & kidneys

52
Q

Compensation

A

Lungs compensate faster

Kidneys compensate slower

53
Q

Temperature

A

Blood/Gas analyzed at 37C

CO2 soluble at lower temp

Reduces pCO2 about 4.5% per C

54
Q

Respiration vs Ventilation

A

Respiration: Process where O2 is supplied to the tissues and CO2 is eliminated from the tissues

Ventilation: Movement of gas in and out of the aveoli

55
Q

Suture Needles

A

Swaged Needles

  • Less traumatic
  • expensive
  • sterile

Needle point

Taper:

  • Atraumatic
  • Internal organs

Cutting edge:

  • Traumatic
  • Skin

Reverse Cutting:

  • Less traumatic
  • Skin
56
Q

Suture Materials

Monofilament vs Multifilament

Natural vs Synthetic

A

Monofilament

  • No wicking
  • Poor knot security
  • No tissue reaction
  • has memory
  • Less tissue drag

Multifilament

  • wicks/bacteria
  • good knot securty
  • Has tissue reaction
  • more tissue drag
  • easy handling

Natural - breaks down by phagocytosis

  • Absorbable
  • Gut - 3-5 days
  • Chromic gut - last longer (10-15 days)
  • silk - for opthalmic only
  • collagen- for opthalmic only

Synthetic

  • Vicryl - absorbable, inhibit bacteria, enzyme breaks down
  • Dexon - good knot security
  • PGA - good knot security
  • PDA - monofilament, worse know security, good memory, absorbable 182 days
  • Maxon - monofilament, abosrbable, strong, poor knot security
  • Nylon - poor knot security, mono or multi, good memory

Small Animals: 0 - 3-0

Large Animals: 0 - 3

57
Q

Colloid vs Crystaloid

A

Crystaloid

Saline (0.9% NaCl)

Lactated ringer

Colloid

Gelatins
 Hetastarch
 Albumin
 Plasma protein fraction
 Dextran
58
Q

Respiration vs Ventilation

A

Respiration: Transport of O2 and CO2

Ventiliation: movement of gas