Midterm Flashcards
Ketamine
Effects/Adverse effects/class
Dissociative Anesthetic with mild analgesia
Schedule 3 controlled drug
Beneficial Effects
Short term anesthetic procedure
Rapid Onset of action
Adverse Effects
Increase H.R.
Increase B.P.
Produce regurgitation
Mydriasis
Convulsive seizures
No reversal agent
Propofol
Not controlled
Non barbituate
Anesthetic Induction
Advantages
Ultra Fast acting onset
wild margin of safety
smooth recovery & rapid recovery
treatment of status epilepticus
Safe on liver & kidney disease
Antiemetic
Appetite stimulant
Adverse Effects
Apnea
Hypoxia
Respiratory depression
no analgesia
Benzodiazepines
Valium (Diazepam) and Midazolam
Tranquillizer
Anti-convulsant
Controlled Substance - schedule IV
Beneficial Effects
Anticonvulsant
Skeletal muscle relaxation
Adverse Effects
Not effective analgesic
Not effective sedative
possible vomitting
Dexdomitor
Alpha2-Agonist
Produces sedative & analgesia
Not controlled
Reversal: Antisedan
Beneficial Effects
Muscle relaxation
fewer adverse effects than xylazine
Adverse Effects
bradycardia
hyperthermia
Hypotension
Butophanol
Synthetic Opioids
Agonist - Antagonist
Sedative with analgesia
Controlled substance - Schedule IV
Benefical effects
Mild-moderate viseral pain
ceiling effect
Adverse effecits
decrease respiratory rate
dcrease tidal volume
Acepromazine
Phenothiazines
Pre-anesthetic sedative w/o analgesic
not controlled substance
Beneficial Effects
Antiemetic
Calming
Prevents Arrhytrmias
decreases allergic effect
Adverse Effects
Decrease seizure threshold
hyperthermia
vasodilation
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung
Prevention: manual ventilation. Bagging
An animal that is in a Sx plane of anesthesia should not respond in any way to any procedure that is being done to it?
T/F
False
Why do we check the pulse strength during Sx
It is a rough indictator of B.P.
Measures the difference between systolic and diastolic B.P. & vessel diameter
2 ways to check for proper ET placement?
Palpate trachea
condensation on tube
movement of resevoir bag
2 signs we wait for before extubation?
Chewing
Swallowing
Acceptable places for observing MM color besides gums?
Vulva
Prepuce
Eye
2 factors contributing to poor thermoregulation
Open body cavity
no shiver reflex
vasodilation
Abnormal pulse-oximeter value?
What two things does a pulse oximeter measure
Measures O2 Saturation & heart rate
- Normal: 95%+
- Abnormal: Less than 95%
- Hypoxemic: 90-95%
- Therapy required: 90%
- Medical emergency: 85% for more than 30 secs.
Types:
Transmission probes (clothes pin) on tongue, pinna, lip
Reflective probes on hollow organ - esophagus or rectum
Normal exhaled CO2 level on capnometer?
Measures CO2 in air that is inhaled and exhaled
End Tidal CO2 monitor (ETCO2)
Reflects Arterical CO2 levels
Mainstream: sensor placed b/t endotracheal tube and breathing circcuit
Sidestream: sensor located in computer monitor where air is pulled by a tube that is attached b/t endotracheal tube and breathing circuit
Inspiration: CO2 is 0mm Hg
Expiration: CO2 is 35-45mm Hg
Name 2 functions of an anesthesia machine?
Give O2
Deliver anesthesia (Sevoflurane or Isoflurane)
How do we determine the volume of oxygen (L) left in the tank?
PSI x 0.3 = liter
Pressure reducing valve reduces oxygen to what pressure before entering anesthetic machine?
40 PSI
What does pressure manometer do?
Measures gas pressure within breathing circuit
Normal value 20cm H20
During bagging pressure should not exceed how much?
do not exceed 20cm of H20
Function of vaporizer?
Know traits of a precision vaporizer (McKelvey)
Function: Turns liquid to gas
Trait: Controls the amount of anesthesia delivered
How do we determine proper reservoir bag size?
How full should reservoir bag be at all times?
How do you properly check for leaks ? Bag an animal? Extubate?
60ml~90ml / Kg
2/3 full
Close pop off valve, squeeze resevoir bag to 20cm H2O and see if manometer decreases or not
02 Flowmeter
Flowrate: 50mL / kg / min
What’s difference between asepsis and surgical asepsis?
Asepsis is complete absence of microorganisms (impossible to achieve in Sx)
Sx asepsis is the body of techniques designed to maintain an object or area in a condition as free of microorganisms as possible.
Why do we use steam under pressure when sterilizing instruments rather than boiling water or free-flowing steam?
sporecidal/ kills endospores
What’s temp we need to achieve in the autoclave? Pressure?
121C or 250F for 20 minutes
Pressure: 15 psi
What is the sterile area of scrubbed personnel?
Frong, above waist to shoulders
What’s the contact time of chlorhexidine?
10-15 minutes
What’s the contact time of povidone iodine?
5-10 minutes
What’s cold sterilization and how well does it work?
contains Glutaldehyde
How should a surgical area be properly sanitized and disinfected and how often?
it should be sanitized between each patient
Types of disinfectants and antiseptics?
Alcohol
Phenol
Chloride
• What’s a hemostat used for?
to clamp off vessels, tissues
What’s the difference between Kelly & Crile hemostats?
Kelly has serration only half way of the jaw
Crile has serration all the way of the jaw
- Which is more traumatic, Ferguson angiotribe or Rochester-Carmalt?
- Which is more traumatic, Doyen intestinal or Halsted mosquito?
Ferguson angiotribe
Halsted Mosquito hemostat forcep
What is the most important difference between Senn & Weitlaner retractors?
Senn is hand-held
Weitlaner is self-retaining
What’s the difference between Snook & Covault ovariectomy hooks?
snook is spade shape
Covault has a ball like tip
Where will the veterinarian make her/his first incision?
Spay: caudal to the umbilicus
Neuter: Prepucial incision
What does the ovarian pedicle consist of?
vein
artery
fat
Name the 3 layers in the closure?
body wall
sub Q
skin
• What is the main reason we do a 3-layer closure?
decrease dead space and fluid formation
Name 2 types of absorbable sutures?
Monacril - under 21 days
PDS - 180 days
Cromica gut
Vicryle - 42 days
Name 2 types of nonabsorbable sutures?
Nylon
polyester
silk
wire
Dehiscence
when wound suture breaks open
What’s first-intention wound healing?
healing via stitches.
What’s second-intention wound healing
when would we choose this?
Natural healing
when skin cannot be pulled together
What are 4 stages of wound healing?
Inflammatory (Clot)
Debridement (Clean up)
Repair Stage
Maturation phase
Needle point
Tapered
Cutting needle
Inverted cutting
• What is it called when suture is attached to needle during manufacture?
Prepackaged suture material
Role of Surgical Assistant
Clipping
scrubbing
postioning the patient
draping
setting/handling instruments
Lister bandage scissors
Knoles bandage scissors
wire suture cutting scissors
Littauer suture removal scissors
Cobalt spay hook
Snook spay hook
Senn retracter
Weitlaner retracter
Rochester-Ochsner Forceps
Rochester-Carmalt Forceps
Doyan Intestinal Forceps
