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Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Oral (PO)

A

Swallowed by mouth

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2
Q

Intravenous (IV)

A

Directly into the bloodstream via a vein

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3
Q

Intramuscular (IM)

A

Injected into a muscle (often deltoid, vastus lateralis, or the gluteal muscles )

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4
Q

Subcutaneous (subQ)

A

Injected into the hypodermis (adipose) layer under the skin

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5
Q

Intrathecal

A

Injected into the subarachnoid space of the spine

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6
Q

Additional methods of administration

A

Topically and transdermal
Inhaled
Rectal suppositories and vaginal suppositories
Direct injection into a specific site /joints, nerves /
Sublingual /under the tongue /

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7
Q

Risks for most drugs used in pregnancy

A

A: remote risk of fetal harm
B: slightly more risk than A
C: greater risk than B
D: proven risk of fetal harm
X: proven risk of fetal harm

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8
Q

Suffix -tidine

A

Histamine 2 blocker - acid reducer
Cimetidine

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9
Q

Suffix : -prazole

A

PPI - acid reducer
Omeprazole

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10
Q

Suffix: -cillin

A

Penicillin antibiotic family
Amoxicillin

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11
Q

Suffix: -cycline

A

Tetracycline antibiotic family
Tetracycline

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12
Q

Suffix: -floxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic family
Levofloxacin

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13
Q

Suffix: -thromycin

A

Macrolide antibiotic family
Azithromycin

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14
Q

Suffix: -micin, -mycin

A

Amino glycoside antibiotic family
Gentamicin

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15
Q

Suffix: -azole

A

Antifungal
Itraconazole

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16
Q

Suffix: -triptan

A

Serotonin-receptor agonists used for migraine
Sumatriptan

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17
Q

Suffix: -denafil, -dalafil

A

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction
Sildenafil

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18
Q

Suffix: -curium, -curonium

A

Neuromuscular blockers used for muscle relaxation during surgery
Pancuronium

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19
Q

Suffix: -zosin

A

Alpha-adrenergic blocker used for hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy
Prazosin

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20
Q

Suffix: -olol, -lol

A

Beta-adrenergic blocker BB
Metoprolol, Atenolol

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21
Q

Suffix: -zepam, -zolam

A

Benzodiazepine BDZ - anti-anxiety med
Diazepam

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22
Q

Suffix: -pril

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ACE
Lisinopril

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23
Q

Suffix: -artan

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker ARB
Candesartan,

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24
Q

Suffix: -dipine

A

Calcium channel blockers CCB
Amlodipine

25
Suffix: -statin
Lipid /cholesterol/ lowering drugs Atorvastatin
26
Suffix: -ase, -plase
Thrombolytic used to dissolve clots Alteplase
27
Suffix: -parin
Anticoagulant Heparin, Enoxaparin
28
Suffix: -sone, -olone
Corticosteroid Prednisone, Prednisolone
29
Suffix: -dronate
Bisphosphonate for osteoporosis Alendronate
30
Suffix: -terol
Bronchodilator used for asthma and COPD Albuterol
31
Suffix: -thiazide
Diuretics Hydrochlorothiazide
32
Suffix: -vir
Antiviral Acyclovir
33
Pharmacology
Study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
34
OTC
Over the counter / able to be bought without a prescription /
35
Iatrogenic disease
A drug or physician induced disease
36
Hepatotoxic
Drugs that may cause liver failure
37
QT interval drugs
Cause dangerous cardiac dysrhythmias
38
Physical dependence
Long term use of certain drugs, such as opioid’s, alcohol, barbiturates, amphetamines / some people refer to this “addiction ”/
39
Idiosyncratic effects
An adverse drug reaction based on a genetic predisposition
40
Carcinogenic effect
Drug induced cancer
41
Teratogenic effect
Drug induced birth defect
42
Pregnancy category
A: remote risk of fetal harm B: slightly more risk than A C: greater risk than B D: proven risk of fetal harm X: proven risk of fetal harm
43
Drugs should be avoided in pregnancy due to teratogenicity
Anticancer / immunosuppressant drugs /methotrexate/ Anti-seizure drugs Androgens /danazol, finasteride, dutasteride / ACE inhibitors ARB blockers Anti-thyroid Fluoroquinolone antibiotics / ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin / HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors / -statins / Isotretinoin /Accutane/ used for acne Lithium used for bipolar disorder NSAIDs drugs / ibuprofen and others / Megadoses of vitamin A Tetracycline antibiotics / minocycline, doxycycline / Warfarin / Coumadin /
44
Eating calcium containing foods while taking tetracycline antibiotics
Tetracycline’s bind with calcium to make an insoluble and non-absorbable complex.
45
High fiber foods can reduce
Absorption of some drugs
46
Grapefruit juice can inhibit
Metabolism of certain drugs , raising blood levels / possibly to dangerous levels /
47
Monoamine oxidase MAO inhibitors / an antidepressant / combined with foods high in tyramine / found in cheeses, yeast extracts, Chianti wine / can cause
Blood pressure to rise to a dangerous level
48
Foods rich in vitamin K / broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage / can reduce the effects of
Anticoagulants - such as Warfarin / Coumadin /
49
Empty stomach means
One hour before meal or 2 hours after
50
American Ginseng may interact with
NSAIDs Anticoagulants Antiplatelet Digoxin Diuretics Antiretroviral Chemotherapy medications
51
St John’s Wort may decrease levels of
Antihyperlipidemic medications / -statin/ and some Calcium channel blockers Should not be taken by a patient who take’s SSRI’s, anticoagulant, antiretroviral, anti seizure, oral contraceptive, some chemotherapy med
52
Psyllium or other bulk forming laxatives
Should not be taken at the same time as oral medications as it may decrease absorption. / should wait about 4 hours between taking meds and psyllium /
53
Iron can decrease
Tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, Synthroid
54
Garlic may increase risk of bleeding
Patients taking NSAIDs Anticoagulant and anti platelet med / may also decrease effectiveness of antiretrovirals and hypoglycemic medications /
55
Ginkgo
Increase bleeding who take a NSAIDs and anticoagulant, antiplatelet. May also interact with anti seizure, hypoglycemic, diuretics meds
56
Saw palmetto increase
Bleeding with NSAIDs, anticoagulant and anti-platelet
57
Ginger
Bleeding with NSAIDs, anticoagulants, antiplatelet
58
Kava
May cause liver damage. Should not be taken with meds that affect the liver or hepatotoxic.
59
Amlodipine norvask

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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