Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Aging test 1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Polypharmacy

A

Administration of many drugs together

Administration of excessive medication

Excessive or inappropriate use of medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Changes in Absorption and distribution

A

absorption- altered G.I. function

distribution -changes in total body water, lean body mass percent body fat plasma, protein concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Changes in metabolism and excretion

A

metabolism-reduced liver mass, decreased hepatic, blood flow, decreased activity of drug metabolizing enzymes

Excretion- decreased renal blood flow in mass decreased function of renal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pharmacokinetic changes results in

A

Drugs and drug metabolites remain active for longer periods of time and prolonging drug effects, thereby increasing risk for toxic side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

physiological systemic changes

A

Homeo static control of circulation
Impaired postural control
Decrease visceral muscle function
Changes in thermal regulation
Declining cognitive ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cellular level changes

A

Binding receptor changes
Increased or decreased sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common ADR’s

A

G.I. symptoms
Sedation
Confusion
Depression
orthostatic hypotension
Fatigue/ weakness
Dizziness/falls
anticholinergic effects
Extra pyramidal symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

G.I. symptoms

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation

Common with opioids, non-opioids and NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sedation

A

Common with opioids analgesics antipsychotics

Sometimes excessive sedation seen with sedative hypnotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Confusion

A

Common with antidepressants narcotic analgesic, drugs with anticholinergic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

depression

A

Common with barbiturates antipsychotics alcohol, some anti-hypertensive drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Most common with drugs used to treat hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fatigue weakness

A

Common with skeletal muscle, relaxants, and diuretics
Altered electrolyte balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dizziness falls

A

Common with sedatives antipsychotics opioid analgesic antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anticholinergic effects

A

alters response of tissues to acetylcholine

common With antihistamines antidepressants and antipsychotics

CNS- confusion, nervousness, drowsiness, dizziness
Peripheral - dry mouth, constipation urinary retention tachycardia, blurred vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

extra pyramidal symptoms

A

Dystonias, tardive dyskinesia, pseudo Parkinsonisms

Common with antipsychotics

17
Q

Cardinal features of immune system aging

A

Weakened antimicrobial immunity
Impaired anti-vaccine responses
Insufficient protection against malignancies
Predisposition for unopposed tissue inflammation
failing wound repair mechanism

18
Q

increased systemic inflammation due to immune system changes includes

A

Increased inflammatory cytokines
Increased C reactive protein
Increased tumor necrosis factor

19
Q

immune system changes may occur because of

A

Shift and fat mass from periphery to abdomen along with general increase in overall intra-abdominal fat with age

Abdominal fat metabolically active and serves as inflammatory organ

Increase inflammatory cytokines associates with metabolic syndrome and decrease organ system function

20
Q

Systemic inflammation changes can result in

A

muscle wasting
Loss of physical function
Underlying factor and development of age related diseases like Alzheimer’s atherosclerosis, cancer diabetes

21
Q

reduction in lymphocyte development

A

decreased T and B cell development

Decreased quality and composition of lymphocyte pool

Decreased thymic cells

This results in decreased efficiency of response to novel or previously encountered antigens
Decrease responsiveness to vaccines

22
Q

approaches to address total body inflammation

A

Anti-inflammatory drugs
Antioxidants
Caloric restriction
Exercise

23
Q

therapy implications of exercise

A

decrease inflammatory markers
Resist fatal infection and aggressive pathogens
Wider window of homeostasis
Enhances systemic reserve
Decreases risk for disease
Delays functional decline

24
Q

with increased physical activity

A

Reduced risk of chronic age related diseases
Reduced risk of all cause mortality
Lower cardio metabolic risk factors
Improve muscle mass and function
lower Systemic inflammation
Improved vaccine responses

25
Q

First sign of illness

A

change in mental status
Decline in function
falls
Weight loss
Slight increase in respiratory rate
Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, decreased urinary ouput

26
Q

most common type of infectious disease

A

Bacterial pneumonia
Urinary tract infections UTI

27
Q

atypical presentation of conditions

A

Heart failure
Acute bowel obstruction
biliary Or liver disorders

look for Cognitive dysfunction or confusion

Aging test 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions