Pharmacology Flashcards
Pharmacokinetics=
- What the body does to the drug
Drug
chemical substance of known structure which once administered produces a biological effect.
Medicine
usually one or more drug which is administered to produce therapeutic effect.
Therapeutics=
- Use of drugs to diagnose, prevent and treat illness.
Formulations=
how a drug is packaged.
Excipient
substances formulated alongside drug.
Drugs usually have three different types of name. What are these?
- Chemical name
- Generic name
- Proprietary name
Pharmacodynamics=
What drug does to body
Ligand=
- Molecule that binds to the receptor
Receptor=
Molecular target for drug
Agonist=
Molecule that activates receptor
Antagonist=
Blocks/ reduces agonist mediated response
Exogenous Vs endogenous=
outside body vs inside body
What would an ideal drug do?
- Produce pharmacological effect
- Acceptable side effects
- Reach target at right concentration at right time
- Remain at sight of action for sufficient time
- Be rapidly and completely removed from body
What are key aspects of drug binding?
Steric interaction & lock and key
What properties effect drug binding?
physio chemical & steric properties
Affinity=
How well a ligand binds got a receptor
Targets for drug interaction:
Receptor, ion channels, carrier molecules, enzymes (RICE)
Families off drugs that interact with enzymes:
- enzyme inhibitators
- false substrates
- prodrugs
What is drug specificity?
No drugs act with complete specificity, non-specific interactions are possible. A drug may preferentially bind to its target but be promiscuous (act with multiple targets and produce pharmacological effects- side effects)
What does pharmacokinetics involve?
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
Describe the process known as first pass metabolism.
- Metabolism a drug undergoes before reaching systemic circulation. After oral administration drugs are absorbed from gastrointestinal tract and transported via portal vein to liver before entering systemic circulation.
List four organs of the body where first pass metabolism takes place.
- Liver
- Lung
- Intestinal wall
- Intestinal lumen
Bioavailibilty=
- Proportion of active drug that reaches systemic circulation and is free to bind to its target. It is affected by route of administration.
