control of movement Flashcards

1
Q

proprioception=

A
  • Proprioception is the body’s 6th sense, its awareness of the body in space. It’s the body’s ability to sense self-movement, position and its body position.
  • Proprioceptive info is sent via dorsal column and spinocerebellar pathways.
  • Proprioceptors involved are muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs.
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2
Q

Targets of proprioceptive information

A

Somatosensory cortex
Primary motor cortex
Pre-motor cortex
Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
Brain stem nuclei
Spinal cord

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3
Q

Proprioceptive deafferentation=

A

loss or impairment of proprioceptive input from body to the CNS, due to damage of proprioceptors or pathways.

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4
Q

What is the vestibular system?

A
  • The vestibular apparatus/ system senses movement of head and acceleration. It is in the inner ear.
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5
Q

Accelerometer=

A

records motion, movements and accelerator, examples within the inner ear that represent these accelerometers are semi-circular canals, utricle and saccule otoliths.

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6
Q

What are ampullae?

A

Found in the semi-circular canals, they sense rotational movement of the head.

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7
Q

What does the brain stem have a series of?

A

vestibular nuclei

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8
Q

What are the 4 outputs/ targets of vestibular nuclei?

A
  1. Oculomotor cortex
  2. lower motor neurons
  3. cervical spinal cord
  4. cerebellum
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9
Q

what is the dorsal visual stream?

A

located in parietal lobe or cerebral cortex. Extends to occipital lobe to sensory associative areas

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10
Q

What is the ventral visual stream?

A

located in temporal lobe or cerebral cortex and extends to insula and temporal lobe memory areas.

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11
Q

Predict the likely functional consequences for control of movement associated with impairments of the visual or vestibular systems

A
  • Dizziness/ vertigo
  • Balance disorders
  • Lack of coordination
  • Bouncing vision
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12
Q

Basal ganglia=

A

group of subcortical nuclei responsible for motor control

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13
Q

Identify the structures of the brain that comprise the basal ganglia

A
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Putamen
  • Globus and pallidus
  • Subthalamic nucleus
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14
Q

Substantia nigra=

A

in the middle of the brain, produces dopamine allowing to facilitate direct/ indirect pathways

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15
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A

a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra.

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16
Q

what are the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Bradykinesia (slowness of movement) tremors, rigidity all related to disruption to basal ganglia circuits in the substantia nigra.

17
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A
  • Cerebellum is 50% neurons so is important. It controls what happens in motor cortex.
18
Q

What are the functional divisions of the cerebellum?

A

Vestibulocerebellum, corticocerebellum and spinocerebellum.

19
Q

Briefly describe the clinical features of lesions associated with the cerebellum.

A
  • Ataxia
  • Asynergia
  • Dysmetria
  • Scanning speech
  • Decomposition of movement