Pharmacology Flashcards
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
GDR
Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine
first line for managing mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease
NMDA receptor antagonist
Memantine
‘second-line’ treatment for Alzheimer’s
used in:
- moderate Alzheimer’s who are intolerant of, or have a contraindication to, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
- as an add-on drug to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for patients with moderate or severe Alzheimer’s
monotherapy
- in severe Alzheimer’s
Donepezil contraindicated in
Bradycardia (relative contraindication)
Adverse effect of Donepezil
Insomnia
Ciclosporin
ciclosporIN - binds to cyclophilIN, INhibits calcineurIN
+ CiclosporINCREASES everything: fluid, BP, K+, hair, gums, glucose, creatinine, lipids, infections. Only 2 toxicities (nephro and hepatic)
Ciclosporin
ciclosporIN - binds to cyclophilIN, INhibits calcineurIN
+ CiclosporINCREASES everything: fluid, BP, K+, hair, gums, glucose, creatinine, lipids, infections. Only 2 toxicities (nephro and hepatic)
Drug-induced thrombocytopenia causes
quinine
abciximab
NSAIDs
diuretics: furosemide
antibiotics: penicillins, sulphonamides, rifampicin
anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, valproate
heparin
Enzyme Inducers
a man named St. John’s wort is a smoker and chronic alcohol drinker who has alcohol withdrawal seizures so he is on Phenobarbital, phenytoin and Carbamazepine and taking barbiturates for his depression. he has bad hygiene/lifestyle and being treated for fungal infections with Griseofulvin and TB with rifampin and Sulfonylureas for his DM.
Aspirin M/A
Aspirin works by blocking the action of both cyclooxygenase-1 and 2.
B Blocker Toxicity resistant to Atropine and Glucagon
High-dose insulin therapy with glucose infusion is an effective treatment modality for severe beta-blocker overdose unresponsive to conventional therapies such as atropine and glucagon
What happens to the Oxygen-Hb disscociation curve in CO poisoning
Pathophysiology
carbon monoxide binds readily to haemoglobin, forming carboxyhaemoglobin → reduced oxygen-carrying capacity
in carbon monoxide poisoning the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin decreases leading to an early plateau in the oxygen dissociation curve
M/A Cyclosporine
Ciclosporin is an immunosuppressant which decreases clonal proliferation of T cells by reducing IL-2 release. It acts by binding to cyclophilin forming a complex which inhibits calcineurin, a phosphatase that activates various transcription factors in T cells
cocaine M/A
cocaine blocks the uptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin
First Line for Cocaine Toxicity
Benzodiazepines
