Pharmacology

Question 1

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 1

GDR

Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine

first line for managing mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease

Question 2

NMDA receptor antagonist

Answer 2

Memantine

‘second-line’ treatment for Alzheimer’s
used in:
- moderate Alzheimer’s who are intolerant of, or have a contraindication to, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
- as an add-on drug to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for patients with moderate or severe Alzheimer’s
monotherapy
- in severe Alzheimer’s

Question 3

Donepezil contraindicated in

Answer 3

Bradycardia (relative contraindication)

Question 4

Adverse effect of Donepezil

Answer 4

Insomnia

Question 6

Ciclosporin

Answer 6

ciclosporIN - binds to cyclophilIN, INhibits calcineurIN

+ CiclosporINCREASES everything: fluid, BP, K+, hair, gums, glucose, creatinine, lipids, infections. Only 2 toxicities (nephro and hepatic)

Question 7

Ciclosporin

Answer 7

ciclosporIN - binds to cyclophilIN, INhibits calcineurIN

+ CiclosporINCREASES everything: fluid, BP, K+, hair, gums, glucose, creatinine, lipids, infections. Only 2 toxicities (nephro and hepatic)

Question 8

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia causes

Answer 8

quinine
abciximab
NSAIDs
diuretics: furosemide
antibiotics: penicillins, sulphonamides, rifampicin
anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, valproate
heparin

Question 9

Enzyme Inducers

Answer 9

a man named St. John’s wort is a smoker and chronic alcohol drinker who has alcohol withdrawal seizures so he is on Phenobarbital, phenytoin and Carbamazepine and taking barbiturates for his depression. he has bad hygiene/lifestyle and being treated for fungal infections with Griseofulvin and TB with rifampin and Sulfonylureas for his DM.