Ophth Gap

Question 1

Red Eye
Uveitis vs Glaucoma

Answer 1

Red eye - glaucoma or uveitis?
glaucoma: severe pain, haloes, ‘semi-dilated’ pupil
uveitis: small, fixed oval pupil, ciliary flush

Question 2

Herpes simplex keratitis

Answer 2

Herpes simplex keratitis

Herpes simplex keratitis most commonly presents with a dendritic corneal ulcer.

Features
red, painful eye
photophobia
epiphora
visual acuity may be decreased
fluorescein staining may show an epithelial ulcer

Question 3

Dendritic Corneal ulcer
Red Eye
Photophobia
watery eyes

Answer 3

Herpes simplex keratitis

Question 4

Causes of Optic Neuritis

Answer 4

multiple sclerosis: the commonest associated disease
diabetes
syphilis

Question 5

Inv for Optic Neuritis

Answer 5

Investigation
MRI of the brain and orbits with gadolinium contrast is diagnostic in most cases

Question 6

Optic Neuritis Presents as

Answer 6

unilateral decrease in visual acuity over hours or days
poor discrimination of colours, ‘red desaturation’
pain worse on eye movement
relative afferent pupillary defect
central scotoma

Question 7

Investigation for ARMD

Answer 7

Initial- Slit Lamp
Confirm- Fluroscein Angiography

Question 8

ARMD management

Answer 8

Dry- zinc with anti-oxidant vitamins A,C and E
Wet- Intra vitreal VEGF injection- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
examples of anti-VEGF agents include ranibizumab, bevacizumab and pegaptanib,. The agents are usually administered by 4 weekly injection.