pharmacology Flashcards
for which bacteria is chloramphenicol bactericidal
strep and haemophilus
what is the most commonly used topical antibiotic in ophthalmology
chloramphenicol
for which bacteria is chloramphenicol bacteriostatic
staph
why can we not give chloramphenicol to new borns
livers cant handle it resulting in grey baby syndrome
who do we avoid chloramphenicol in
history of aplastic anaemia
give an example of a quinolone
ofloxacin
MOA of quinolones
inhibit DNA gyrase
role of DNA gyrase
compresses bacterial DNA onto supercoils
management of dendritic ulcers of the cornea
ganciclovir
MOA of ganciclovir
inhibits viral DNA synthesis
give 2 examples of steroid eye drops
betamethasone, prednisolone acetate
name 3 patients who may receive steroid eye drops
- post cataract op
- uveitis
- prevent corneal graft rejection
MOA of steroid eye drops
decreases transcription of inflammatory proteins and increases transcription of anti-inflammatory proteins
what can be caused by inappropriate use of steroid eye drops
proliferation of herpes simplex keratitis
why can’t you use steroid eye drops in dendritic ulcers
causes corneal melt
name some complications of prolonged use of steroid eyedrops (4)
cataract
glaucoma
exacerbation of viral infections
raised intraocular pressure
give an example of a prostaglandin analogue
latanoprost
first line management of glaucoma
prostaglandin analogues
MOA of prostaglandin analogues
lower IOP by enhancing drainage of aqueous humour from the eye
what is second line in the management of glaucoma
β-blockers or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
MOA of β-blockers in the eye
reduce the rate of production of aqueous humour
give an example of an anti-fungal used in the eye
natamycin