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dermatology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main dermatology routes of drug administration

A

Topical
Transdermal
Subcutaneous

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2
Q

What is used to describe the structure of the stratum corneum

A

Brick and mortar model

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3
Q

What are the bricks in the model of the stratum corneum

A

Corneocytes containing keratin microfilaments in a fillagrin matrix

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4
Q

What is the mortar in the model of stratum corneum

A

Multiple lamellar structures of intercellular lipids

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5
Q

Role of intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum

A

Intracellular glue that can act as a reservoir for lipid-soluble drugs

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6
Q

How does a drug get through the stratum corneum when applied topically

A

Diffusion

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7
Q

What are the 3 main routes of diffusion of a drug through the stratum corneum

A

Transcellular route
Intercellular route
Transappendegeal route

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8
Q

Transcellular diffusion

A

Drug passes through both the lipid structures of the interlamellar region and moving across corneocytes

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9
Q

Intercellular diffusion

A

Drugs pass through small spaces between the cells of the skin

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10
Q

Transappendageal diffusion

A

Drugs are able to penetrate via hair follicles and sweat glands

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11
Q

Give 3 advantages of topically applied drugs

A

Allows for a steady plasma concentration over a prolonged period of time
Avoid first pass metabolism
Absorption can be terminated rapidly

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12
Q

Give 3 conditions that are managed with topical glucocorticoids

A

Atopic eczema
Psoriasis
Pruritus

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13
Q

Name the 4 major effects of topical glucocorticoids

A

Anti-inflammatory
Immunosuppressant
Vasoconstriction
Anti-proliferation action upon keratinocytes and fibroblasts

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14
Q

Trans activation mechanism of topical glucocorticoids

A

Bind to specific DNA responsive elements and upregulate the transcription of genes encoding for regulatory proteins responsible for metabolic, anti inflammatory, and immunosuppressive effects

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15
Q

Transgression mechanism of topical glucocorticoids

A

Repress gene expression by binding to negative DNA responsive elements or transcription factors that drive the expression of these gene

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16
Q

Describe subcutaneous drug administration

A

Needle inserted into the adipose layer just beneath the surface of the skin

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17
Q

What is electroporation

A

Creating new prose and temporary paths through the skin using electric pulses

18
Q

What is iontophoresis

A

Involves applying low voltage electrical files to drive ionised drugs through the skin

19
Q

What is a cream

A

Semi-solid emulsification of oil in water what contains preservatives and may cause contact sensitisation

20
Q

Role of creams

A

Act to cool and moisturise the skin

21
Q

What is an ointment

A

Semi-solid grease (oil) which have a high lipid content but no preservatives

22
Q

Role of ointment

A

Occlusive and limit transdermal water loss

23
Q

What is a lotion

A

Liquid formulation of medications suspended in alcohol or water

24
Q

Role of lotions

A

Used to treat dry hair bearing areas

25
Q

What is a gel

A

Semi-solid thickened aqueous solution

26
Q

Role of a gel

A

Used to treat hair bearing areas and the face

27
Q

What is a paste

A

Semi-solids made up of finely powdered minerals such as zinc oxide

28
Q

Role of pastes

A

Cool and hydrate the skin
Often used in cooling bandages

29
Q

What is a foam

A

Colloid with 2/3 phases
Usually hydrophilic liquid in continuous phase with foaming agent dispersed in gaseous phase

30
Q

Role of a foam

A

Increases penetration of active agents

31
Q

Which bases are classed as emollients

A

Ointments, creams, lotions and gels

32
Q

Name a calcineurin inhibitor

A

Tacrolimus

33
Q

Indication for calcineurin inhibitors

A

Treatment of atopic eczema

34
Q

MOA of calcineurin inhibitors

A

Suppress lymphocyte activation

35
Q

Clinical uses of antiseptics

A

Recurrent infections
Skin cleansing
Wound irrigation

36
Q

Role of menthol as an antipruritic

A

Added to calamine and other lotions and creams to impart cooling sensation

37
Q

Role of capsaicin as an antipruritic

A

Depletes substance P at nerve endings and reduces neurotransmission

38
Q

Indication for crotamiton

A

Used after treatment of scabies to relieve residual itch

39
Q

Indications for 5-fluorouracil

A

Solar damage
Bowens disease
Superficial BCC

40
Q

Indications for imiquid

A

Solar damage
Superficial BCC

dermatology (13 decks)

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