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PSYCH NURSING > PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

This refers to the maximal therapeutic effect that can be achieved by a drug.

A

EFFICACY

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2
Q

This describes the amount of drug needed to achieve that maximum effect

Drugs that have a low _______ require higher dosages to achieve efficacy

High-_____ drugs achieve efficacy at lower doses.

A

POTENCY

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3
Q

This is the amount of time it takes for half of the drug to be removed from the bloodstream.

Drugs with a shorter ________ may need to be given 3 or 4 times in a day, but drugs with a longer half-life may be given once a day.

The amount of time needed for a drug to leave the body completely after it has been discontinued is about five times its ________

A

HALF-LIFE

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4
Q

A medication is selected based on its effect on the client’s ___________ _________, such as delusional thinking, panic attacks, or hallucinations.

A

TARGET SYMPTOMS

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5
Q

The effectiveness of the medication is evaluated in large part by its ability to ___________ the target symptom.

A

DEMINISH OR ELIMINATE

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6
Q

As a rule, elderly persons require _______ dosages of a medication to produce therapeutic effects, and it may take longer for a drug to achieve its full therapeutic effect.

A

LOWER

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7
Q

Psychotropic medications are often __________ __________ rather than abruptly discontinued.

A

DECREASED GRADUALLY

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8
Q

Problems when Psychotropic medications are abruptly discontinued.

  1. _____________ (temporary return of symptoms)
  2. ______________ of the original symptoms
  3. ____________ (new symptoms resulting from discontinuation of the drug)
A
  1. Rebound (temporary return of symptoms)
  2. Recurrence of the original symptoms
  3. Withdrawal (new symptoms resulting from discontinuation of the drug)
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9
Q

______________ care is essential to ensure compliance with the medication regimen, to make needed adjustments in dosage, and to manage side effects.

A

FOLLOW-UP

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10
Q

These are also known as NEUROLEPTICS / MAJOR TRANQUILIZERS

These are used to treat symptoms of psychosis, such as delusions and hallucinations.

They work by blocking the receptors of the neurotransmitter Dopamine.

A

ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS

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11
Q

Antipsychotic drugs are Indicated to Schizophrenia and Other Psychosis

Desired effect: __________ of SYMPTOMS

Best taken_________meals

A
  1. CONTROL OF SYMPTOMS.
  2. BEST TAKEN WITH MEAL
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12
Q

Antipsychotic drugs that blocks all three dopamine receptors (D2, D3, D4)

DRUGS END WITH “ZINE” & “DOL”

HELPS DIMINISH POSITIVE SYMPTOMS

A

TYPICAL DRUGS / FIRST GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTICS

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13
Q

WEAK BLOCKERS OF D2 RECEPTORS

DRUGS END WITH “PINE” & “DONE”

HELPS DIMINISH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS

A

ATYPICAL DRUG/ SECOND GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTICS

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14
Q

SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION

  1. B_________ _____N
  2. D____ ________H
  3. P________Y
  4. O_____C H_______N
  5. E____ P_______ S____
  6. A____________S
  7. N__________ M_________ S________
A
  1. BLURRED VISION
  2. DRY MOUTH
  3. PHOTOSENSITIVITY
  4. ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
  5. EXTRA PYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS
  6. AGRANULOCYTOSIS
  7. NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME
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15
Q

EXTRA PYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS

A_____
P_____
A_____
T_____

A

AKATHISIA
PSEUDOPARKINSOSISM
ACUTE DYSTONIA
TARDIVE DYSKINESIA

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16
Q

RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME
“ANT’S IN THE PANTS”

A

AKATHISIA

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17
Q

pill-rolling tremors
mask-like face
cog-wheel rigidity
propulsive gait

A

PSEUDOPARKINSONISM

18
Q

Defect in muscle tone

A

ACUTE DYSTONIA

19
Q

ACUTE DYSTONIA
Defect in muscle tone

T______- CERVICAL SCOLIOSIS
O______- TRUNK RIGIDITY
O_______-EYE BALL (UPWARD MOVEMENT)
L________- MUSCULAR CONTRACTION OF THE VOCAL CORDS

A

TORTICOLLIS

OPISTHOTONUS

OCULOGYRIC CRISIS

LARYNGOSPASM

20
Q

Tongue-thrusting and protrusion
lip-smacking,
blinking, grimacing and other excessive, unnecessary facial movements

A

TARDIVE DISKINESIA

21
Q

NURSING ACTION?

EPS
1. AKATHISIA
2.PSEUDOPARKINSOSISM
3. ACUTE DYSTONIA
4. TARDIVE DYSKINESIA

A

Report at once

1)Lowering the dosage of the antipsychotic
2) Changing to a different antipsychotic
3) Administering anticholinergic medication

22
Q

NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME TRIAD

R______
H______
U______

Treatment:
Immediate discontinuance of all antipsychotic

A

RIGIDITY

HIGH FEVER

UNSTABLE BLOOD PRESSURE

23
Q

Common indication: Anxiety disorders
Desired Effect: Decreased anxiety, adequate sleep

A

MINOR TRANQUILIZERS/ ANXIOLYTICS

24
Q

Examples:

Diazepam (Valium)

Oxazepam (Serax)

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

Chlorazepate Dipotassium (Tranxene)

Alprazolam (Xanax)

A

MINOR TRANQUILIZERS/ ANXIOLYTICS

25
Q

MINOR TRANQUILIZERS/ ANXIOLYTICS

Nursing Implications:
Best taken ____________ meals

Advise to avoid d______

Avoid a______l and c_________e-containing foods

Administer it _________ with any drug

A

BEST TAKEN AFTER MEALS

AVOID DRIVING

AVOID ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE-CONTAINING FOODS

ADMINISTER SEPARATELY WITH OTHER DRUGS

26
Q

Desired effects: increased appetite, adequate sleep

A

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

27
Q

Examples:
Imipramine (Tofranil) Amitriptyline (Elavil)

A

TRYCICLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS

28
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Nursing Implications:

Best given______ meals

Effectivity: after ________________(INITIAL) _________(OPTIMUM)

Check the ___, it causes ____tension

Check the h_______E, it causes cardiac a_________s

A

BEST GIVEN AFTER MEALS

EFFECTIVITY
INITIAL: AFTER 2-3 WEEKS

OPTIMUM: AFTER 4-6 WEEKS

CHECK BP, IT CAUSE HYPOTENSION

CHECK HEART RATE, IT CAN CAUSE ARRYTHMIAS

29
Q

Indication: refractory depression

A

MAO INHIBITORS

30
Q

Examples:
* Tranylcypromine (PA____________)
* Phenelzine (NA_____________)
* Isocarboxazid (MA__________)

A

MAO INHIBITORS

PARANTE
NARDIL
MARPLAN

31
Q

MAO INHIBITORS

Nursing Implications:

Best taken _____ meals

Report headache; it indicates _____________ _____________

Avoid __________ containing foods like:
* Avocado
* Banana
* Cheddar and aged cheese
* Soysauce
* Preserved foods

Effectivity: _____ weeks

Monitor the _____

There should be at least a ___-week interval when shifting from one anti-depressant to another

A

BEST TAKEN AFTER MEALS

HEADACHE INDICATES HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS

AVOID TYRAMINE FOODS

AFFECTIVITY IS AFTER 2-3 WEEKS

MONITOR BP

INTERVAL OF AT LEAST 2 WEEKS when shifting from one anti-depressant to another

32
Q

Examples:

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Celatopram (Celexa)

Sertraline (Zoloft)

Paroxetine (Paxil)

Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

A

SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS

33
Q

SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS

Nursing Implications:
Avoid the use of:
d_______m
A_______l
Tryptophan

Monitor P__, P_

Never give to _____________ / lactating mothers.

A

AVOID THE USE OF DIAZEPAM
ALCOHOL

MONITOR PTT &PT

NEVER GIVE TO PREGNANT WOMEN

34
Q

Examples:

Lithium Citrate (Cibalith)

Lithium Carbonate (Eskalith, Lithane, Lithobid)

A

ANTI-MANIC AGENT

35
Q

ANTI-MANIC AGENT

Nursing implications:

Best taken _____ meals

Never give to pregnant mothers

A

TAKEN AFTER MEALS

36
Q

ANTI-MANIC AGENT

Nursing implications:

Increase intake of:
__________ (3 L /day)
__________ (3 gm/day)

A

WATER (3 L /day)

SODIUM (3 gm/day)

37
Q

ANTI-MANIC AGENT

Nursing implications:

Avoid activities that increase _____________

A

PERSPIRATION

38
Q

ANTI-MANIC AGENT

Nursing implications:

Effectivity: ____ ____ DAYS

A

10-14 days

39
Q

ANTI-MANIC AGENT

Nursing implications:

Antipsychotic is administered during the first 2 weeks

Therapeutic level: _____________ meq/L

IDEAL LEVEL:____

EXACT LEVEL:_____

A

Therapeutic level: 0.5 - 1.5 meq/L

IDEAL LEVEL: 0.7-1.2 meq/L

EXACT LEVEL: 1 meq/L

40
Q

ANTI-MANIC AGENT

Toxic Effect: These include:
Severe d_____
V________g
D___________s
M________e w_______s
Lack of c________n

A

Toxic Effect
Severe diarrhea
Vomiting
Drowsiness
Muscle weakness
Lack of coordination

PSYCH NURSING (13 decks)

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