Pharmacology Flashcards
Neonatal animals are less tolerant of some drugs than older animals, because in neonates the drugs are ____
Metabolized more slowly
Decreased function of what organ would have the greatest effect on biotransformation of most drugs?
Liver
The generic name for a drug is also called the
Nonproprietary name
The percentage of the total dose that ultimately reaches the bloodstream is called
Bioavailability
What are 3 effects of cholinergics
Decreased heart rate
Increased blood flow to intestinal tract
Decrease diameter of bronchioles
The NSAID drug that is extremely toxic to cats is
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
The most common adverse side effects of amino glycoside antimicrobials are
Ototoxicity and neurotoxicity
To what other drug class is a cephalosporin-class drug closely related?
Penicillins
Because of the manner in which they are excreted, sulfonamides are often effective against infections of
Urinary tract
The use of fluoroquinolones as anti-infective agents should be done with great caution or not at all in
Cats
The anti-infective drug that should be avoided in all food-producing animals is
Chloramphenicol
Penicillins are primarily excreted by the
Kidney
Acepromazine must be used with caution or not at all in
Stallions
The benzodiazepine derivative diazepam is often administered in combination with
Ketamine
If using a regular disposable-type syringe, which of the following drugs should not be preloaded and left for a time?
Diazepam
What is the correct reversal agent for Xylazine hydrochloride?
Yohimbine
Griseofulvin acts on
Dermatophytes
What anti-infective compounds, when given to juvenile animals, can impair cartilage development?
Fluoroquinolones
Potentiated penicillins are active against ____
b-lactamase-producing bacteria
If you are giving a medication IP you inject the medication
Into the abdominal cavity
Xylazine produces how much analgesia?
Some
Propofol should be given
Slowly and to effect
Heartgard contains ivermectin, which is used to
Prevent heart worm infection
The active drug in ProHeart is moxidectin, a member of the drug class
Avermectin
A risk to veterinary technicians who administer prostaglandin is
Inducing an asthma attack
Pain receptors are called
Nociceptors
If it is accidentally administered as an IV bolus, lidocaine may cause
Bradyarrhythmia
Acepromazine maleate causes
Hypotension
What is the ratio between the toxic dose and therapeutic dose of a drug used as a measure of the relative safety of the drug for a particular treatment?
Therapeutic index
Asprin may be safely used in cats as an NSAID, but it should be noted that its half-life in this species approximates
30 hours
What drug is approved for the treatment of old dog dementia?
Anipryl
A common side effect of antihistamine drugs such as diphenhydramine is
Sedation
The H2 receptors are found in the
Gastric mucosa
Thiobarbiturates should be administered with great care or not at all to
Greyhounds
What drug is contraindicated in the treatment of glaucoma?
Atropine sulfate
A chronotropic agent affects the
Rate of contraction
Puppies born via C section that are not breathing well may benefit from ____ drops sublingually
Doxapram
Parenteral administration of phenylbutazone should be via __ only
IV injection
Intradermal injections are used primarily for
Allergy testing
Most biotransformation of drugs occurs in the
Liver
The main reason that generic forms of drugs are less expensive than brand name drugs is because ____
Generic brands do not incur the expense of developing a new drug
Repository forms of parenteral drugs are formulated to
Prolong absorption of the drug from the site of administration
All of the following organs may facilitate the elimination of drugs except the
Kidneys
Liver
Lungs
SPLEEN «<
What liquid form of drug is most commonly administered IV?
Solution
When a drug is said to have a narrow therapeutic range, it means that
Its effective and toxic doses are close to each other
The regulatory agency that oversees the development and approval of animal topical pesticides is
EPA
A drug that has extreme potential for abuse and no approved medicinal purpose in the US is classified as
C-1
A drug given by which of the following routes reaches its peak plasma concentration the fastest?
IV
In what class of antibiotic drugs are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity potential side effects?
Aminoglycosides
The best means of assuring that a particular antibiotic treatment will be successful is to
Collect a sample from the infected area for culture and sensitivity
The term anaphylaxis refers to
A severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction
True or False: tetracyclines may lead to bone or teeth problems if given to young animals
True
