Pharmacology

Question 1

A positive inotrope drug that can be given with quinidine to help convert horses with artial fibrillation.

Answer 1

Digoxin

Question 2

Most common side effect of digoxin when giving this medication

Answer 2

higher blood concentration

Question 3

What drug is typically reserved for bacteria that is strictly susceptible to this medication because of the side effects that can be produced in the human administering the drug.

Answer 3

Chloraamphenicol

Question 4

Side effects of chloramphenicol include?

Answer 4

Disrupting the mitocondrial function in bone marrow cells of humans and causing aplastic anemia

Question 5

What is the aminoglycoside that can be given IV to horses

Answer 5

Genticyn

Question 6

What is the aminoglycoside that is generally injected into the joints of horses?

Answer 6

Amilgyde-V

Question 7

What is a class known to be ototoxic and nephrotoxic

Answer 7

Aminolgycosides

Question 8

Which drug is the only narcotic used routinely in horses and is considered the strongest analgesic that can be given to them.

Answer 8

Torbugesic (butorphanol)

Question 9

How long can Torbugestic (butorphanol) have an analgesic effect

Answer 9

up to 4 hours

Question 10

Which drug is prohibited in performance horses during competition?

Answer 10

Torbugesic (butorphanol)

Question 11

What 2 frugs are the lipolytic tetracyclines that can be readily absorbed through the GI tract?

Answer 11

Doxycycline and minocyline

Question 12

What supplement can be given to horses with an insulin resistant endocrine disorder?

Answer 12

Metforin

Question 13

The efficacy of metforin is not great as it is not absorbed through what?

Answer 13

The intestinal tract

Question 14

What drug is the ocular antifungal that can be used to treat fungal infections and fungal ulcers in horses

Answer 14

Fluconazole

Question 15

Which drug treats fungal infections and fungal ulcers in horses?

Answer 15

Flucanazole

Question 16

What does Levothyroxine treat in horses?

Answer 16

Hypothryroidism

Question 17

What medication treats hyperthyroidism?

Answer 17

Levothyroxine

Question 18

What formulation does Levothyroxine normally come in that can be mixed with food?

Answer 18

powdered

Question 19

What NSAID comes as a topical paste that can be applied directly onto the distal limbs for lameness issues?

Answer 19

Surpass (diclofenac sodium)

Question 20

How is a portion of surpass (diclofenac sodium) absorbed

Answer 20

systemically

Question 21

What drug is the only fluroquinolone used in horses?

Answer 21

Baytril (enrofloxacin)

Question 22

This medication is rarely used but works by distributing the bacterias DNA function

Answer 22

Baytril (enrofloxcin)

Question 23

How long do short acting glucocorticoids last for in the body?

Answer 23

12 hours

Question 24

How long do intermediate acting steroids last for in the body?

Answer 24

12-36 hours

Question 25

How long do long acting steroids last for in the body?

Answer 25

48 hours and longer

Question 26

Which drug is an antiulcer medication that forms a paste and binds to ulcer sites once mixed with stomach acid?

Answer 26

Carafate

Question 27

What compound can be used to help reduce swelling caused by trauma?

Answer 27

DSMO (dimethyl sulfoxide)

Question 28

How can DSMO (dimethyl sulfoxide) be given?

Answer 28

topically or IV

Question 29

The only from of penicillin G that can be administered IV is the aqueous solution which has to be mixed with either of these 2 elements.

Answer 29

Sodium and potassium

Question 30

Which drug is that cardiac medication that is used to treat artial fibrillation in horses?

Answer 30

Quinidine

Question 31

Which drug can have serious side effects and is generally given by _______ administration

Answer 31

quinidine and oral

Question 32

What is the most common steroid group used in horses?

Answer 32

Glucocorticoids

Question 33

What are glucocorticoids most commonly used for?

Answer 33

Anti-inflammitory effects

Question 34

What is a proton pump inhibitor that can be used to treat GI ulcers

Answer 34

Gastro-guard (omeprazole)

Question 35

What binds to parietal cells and inhibits the movement of hydrogen ions into the stomach?

Answer 35

Gastro-gaurd (omeprazole)

Question 36

What is the anti-inflammatory eye medication that can be used to relieve pain and swelling associated with ocular disordes

Answer 36

Diclofenac ophthalmic

Question 37

Penicillin is a batericidal antimicrobial that is more effective against which gram bacteria.

Answer 37

positive

Question 38

This medication attacks the bacterial enzymes so it can only be used for actively dividing bacterial colonies.

Answer 38

Penicillin

Question 39

What drug is the NSAID that was released in 2012 and can be used to control pain associated with osteoarthritis

Answer 39

Equioxx (Fibcoxib)

Question 40

What drug can be used for both muculoskeletal pain relief as well as _______ pain which can be associated with colic

Answer 40

Banamine (fluxin meglumine) and visceral

Question 41

Potentiated sulfonamides can have serious side effects like?

Answer 41

Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia

Question 42

Should potentiated sulfonamides be used for a prolonged period of time?

Answer 42

No, due to its side effects

Question 43

What should be given to a horse suffering from endotoxemia because it inhibits prostanoid produciton

Answer 43

Banamine

Question 44

What is the only cephalosporin used in equine medicine

Answer 44

Naxcel (ceftiofur)

Question 45

What drug is given to mares to terminate a pregnancy?

Answer 45

LUTALYSE (dinoprost thromethmine)

Question 46

Which is the GI antibiotic that can be given to clear the GI tract of protozoa that are causing disease.

Answer 46

Flagyl (metronidazole)

Question 47

What drug is known to cause some transient neurologic side effects in horses?

Answer 47

Flagyl (metronidazole)

Question 48

What is an emollient laxative that can be given to horses that have inpactions?

Answer 48

mineral oil

Question 49

What should not be given to horses that may undergo surgery?

Answer 49

Mineral oil

Question 50

What do NSAIDS block?

Answer 50

Prostaglandin production

Question 51

What does Cox-1 help protect?

Answer 51

the stomach

Question 52

Cox-2 are prostaglandins that are produced in response to what?

Answer 52

Pain

Question 53

Acepromazine is a _________ tranquilizer that can be used as a sedative in horses.

Answer 53

phenothiazine

Question 54

Which medication must be given before the animal becomes overly excited

Answer 54

Acepromazine

Question 55

This medication should be used with extreme caution in stallions as it can cause permanent paralysis of the retractor penis muscle

Answer 55

Acepromazine

Question 56

A dopamine antagonist that allows for prolactin secretion

Answer 56

EQUIDONE (domperidone)

Question 57

EQUIDONE (domperidone) can be used in what?

Answer 57

fescue toxicosis, stimulation of lactation in agalactic mare, and can be used to induce lactation in nurse mares

Question 58

If EQUIDONE (domperidone) is used for ______, it should be stared _____ days prior to the expected due date and continue ______ days after surgery

Answer 58

fescue toxicosis, 10-15, 5-10

Question 59

An indigestible plant fiber that can be used as a bulk laxative as it osmotically pulls water into the bowel lumen.

Answer 59

Metamucil (psyllium fiber)

Question 60

Metamucil (psyllium fiber) can be useful when treat what kind of colic?

Answer 60

sand

Question 61

What can be used in horses to help with laminitis and colic pain?

Answer 61

Lidocaine

Question 62

Lidocaine blocks pain signals at _____

Answer 62

Level of the spinal cord

Question 63

Toxicity of this drug can lead to severe neurologic signs

Answer 63

Lidocaine

Question 64

An alpha 2 agonist which is classified as a sedative-analgesic.

Answer 64

Dormosedan

Question 65

What can dormosedan be used for?

Answer 65

sedation, or used as an analgesic for viceral pain (especially in colicky horses)

Question 66

This analgesic effects lasts for roughly 45 minutes

Answer 66

Dormosedan

Question 67

The anti-ulcer medication that cannot be given at the same time as other oral medications as it can prevent/disrupt the absorption of other medicaions

Answer 67

Carafate (sucrlfate)

Question 68

Atropine sulfate preparations are used to reduce pain in the eye by doing what to the blood vessels?

Answer 68

dilating

Question 69

Repeated doses of atropine sulfate should be avoided as what could occur?

Answer 69

ulcers

Question 70

Rompun is an ______ __ _______ that can be used for short periods of time (generally only lasts 15-20 mins)

Answer 70

alpha-2 agonist

Question 71

In cases of an overdose what drug can be used to reverse Rompun?

Answer 71

yobine (yohimbine)

Question 72

What is the drug of choice to treat potomac horse fever and leptospirosis?

Answer 72

Doxycycline

Question 73

Which version of doxycycline should be given due to the other causing arrhythmias, collapse, and sudden death even at low doses 1. Oral 2. Injectable

Answer 73

Oral

Question 74

A progestin that can be used to delay estrus in mares, or be used to maintain pregnancy in mares prone to abortion

Answer 74

Regu-mate altrenogest