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Mod 7 (Large animal) > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

A positive inotrope drug that can be given with quinidine to help convert horses with artial fibrillation.

A

Digoxin

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2
Q

Most common side effect of digoxin when giving this medication

A

higher blood concentration

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3
Q

What drug is typically reserved for bacteria that is strictly susceptible to this medication because of the side effects that can be produced in the human administering the drug.

A

Chloraamphenicol

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4
Q

Side effects of chloramphenicol include?

A

Disrupting the mitocondrial function in bone marrow cells of humans and causing aplastic anemia

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5
Q

What is the aminoglycoside that can be given IV to horses

A

Genticyn

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6
Q

What is the aminoglycoside that is generally injected into the joints of horses?

A

Amilgyde-V

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7
Q

What is a class known to be ototoxic and nephrotoxic

A

Aminolgycosides

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8
Q

Which drug is the only narcotic used routinely in horses and is considered the strongest analgesic that can be given to them.

A

Torbugesic (butorphanol)

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9
Q

How long can Torbugestic (butorphanol) have an analgesic effect

A

up to 4 hours

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10
Q

Which drug is prohibited in performance horses during competition?

A

Torbugesic (butorphanol)

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11
Q

What 2 frugs are the lipolytic tetracyclines that can be readily absorbed through the GI tract?

A

Doxycycline and minocyline

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12
Q

What supplement can be given to horses with an insulin resistant endocrine disorder?

A

Metforin

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13
Q

The efficacy of metforin is not great as it is not absorbed through what?

A

The intestinal tract

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14
Q

What drug is the ocular antifungal that can be used to treat fungal infections and fungal ulcers in horses

A

Fluconazole

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15
Q

Which drug treats fungal infections and fungal ulcers in horses?

A

Flucanazole

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16
Q

What does Levothyroxine treat in horses?

A

Hypothryroidism

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17
Q

What medication treats hyperthyroidism?

A

Levothyroxine

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18
Q

What formulation does Levothyroxine normally come in that can be mixed with food?

A

powdered

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19
Q

What NSAID comes as a topical paste that can be applied directly onto the distal limbs for lameness issues?

A

Surpass (diclofenac sodium)

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20
Q

How is a portion of surpass (diclofenac sodium) absorbed

A

systemically

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21
Q

What drug is the only fluroquinolone used in horses?

A

Baytril (enrofloxacin)

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22
Q

This medication is rarely used but works by distributing the bacterias DNA function

A

Baytril (enrofloxcin)

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23
Q

How long do short acting glucocorticoids last for in the body?

A

12 hours

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24
Q

How long do intermediate acting steroids last for in the body?

A

12-36 hours

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25
Q

How long do long acting steroids last for in the body?

A

48 hours and longer

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26
Q

Which drug is an antiulcer medication that forms a paste and binds to ulcer sites once mixed with stomach acid?

A

Carafate

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27
Q

What compound can be used to help reduce swelling caused by trauma?

A

DSMO (dimethyl sulfoxide)

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28
Q

How can DSMO (dimethyl sulfoxide) be given?

A

topically or IV

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29
Q

The only from of penicillin G that can be administered IV is the aqueous solution which has to be mixed with either of these 2 elements.

A

Sodium and potassium

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30
Q

Which drug is that cardiac medication that is used to treat artial fibrillation in horses?

A

Quinidine

31
Q

Which drug can have serious side effects and is generally given by _______ administration

A

quinidine and oral

32
Q

What is the most common steroid group used in horses?

A

Glucocorticoids

33
Q

What are glucocorticoids most commonly used for?

A

Anti-inflammitory effects

34
Q

What is a proton pump inhibitor that can be used to treat GI ulcers

A

Gastro-guard (omeprazole)

35
Q

What binds to parietal cells and inhibits the movement of hydrogen ions into the stomach?

A

Gastro-gaurd (omeprazole)

36
Q

What is the anti-inflammatory eye medication that can be used to relieve pain and swelling associated with ocular disordes

A

Diclofenac ophthalmic

37
Q

Penicillin is a batericidal antimicrobial that is more effective against which gram bacteria.

A

positive

38
Q

This medication attacks the bacterial enzymes so it can only be used for actively dividing bacterial colonies.

A

Penicillin

39
Q

What drug is the NSAID that was released in 2012 and can be used to control pain associated with osteoarthritis

A

Equioxx (Fibcoxib)

40
Q

What drug can be used for both muculoskeletal pain relief as well as _______ pain which can be associated with colic

A

Banamine (fluxin meglumine) and visceral

41
Q

Potentiated sulfonamides can have serious side effects like?

A

Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia

42
Q

Should potentiated sulfonamides be used for a prolonged period of time?

A

No, due to its side effects

43
Q

What should be given to a horse suffering from endotoxemia because it inhibits prostanoid produciton

A

Banamine

44
Q

What is the only cephalosporin used in equine medicine

A

Naxcel (ceftiofur)

45
Q

What drug is given to mares to terminate a pregnancy?

A

LUTALYSE (dinoprost thromethmine)

46
Q

Which is the GI antibiotic that can be given to clear the GI tract of protozoa that are causing disease.

A

Flagyl (metronidazole)

47
Q

What drug is known to cause some transient neurologic side effects in horses?

A

Flagyl (metronidazole)

48
Q

What is an emollient laxative that can be given to horses that have inpactions?

A

mineral oil

49
Q

What should not be given to horses that may undergo surgery?

A

Mineral oil

50
Q

What do NSAIDS block?

A

Prostaglandin production

51
Q

What does Cox-1 help protect?

A

the stomach

52
Q

Cox-2 are prostaglandins that are produced in response to what?

A

Pain

53
Q

Acepromazine is a _________ tranquilizer that can be used as a sedative in horses.

A

phenothiazine

54
Q

Which medication must be given before the animal becomes overly excited

A

Acepromazine

55
Q

This medication should be used with extreme caution in stallions as it can cause permanent paralysis of the retractor penis muscle

A

Acepromazine

56
Q

A dopamine antagonist that allows for prolactin secretion

A

EQUIDONE (domperidone)

57
Q

EQUIDONE (domperidone) can be used in what?

A

fescue toxicosis, stimulation of lactation in agalactic mare, and can be used to induce lactation in nurse mares

58
Q

If EQUIDONE (domperidone) is used for ______, it should be stared _____ days prior to the expected due date and continue ______ days after surgery

A

fescue toxicosis, 10-15, 5-10

59
Q

An indigestible plant fiber that can be used as a bulk laxative as it osmotically pulls water into the bowel lumen.

A

Metamucil (psyllium fiber)

60
Q

Metamucil (psyllium fiber) can be useful when treat what kind of colic?

A

sand

61
Q

What can be used in horses to help with laminitis and colic pain?

A

Lidocaine

62
Q

Lidocaine blocks pain signals at _____

A

Level of the spinal cord

63
Q

Toxicity of this drug can lead to severe neurologic signs

A

Lidocaine

64
Q

An alpha 2 agonist which is classified as a sedative-analgesic.

A

Dormosedan

65
Q

What can dormosedan be used for?

A

sedation, or used as an analgesic for viceral pain (especially in colicky horses)

66
Q

This analgesic effects lasts for roughly 45 minutes

A

Dormosedan

67
Q

The anti-ulcer medication that cannot be given at the same time as other oral medications as it can prevent/disrupt the absorption of other medicaions

A

Carafate (sucrlfate)

68
Q

Atropine sulfate preparations are used to reduce pain in the eye by doing what to the blood vessels?

A

dilating

69
Q

Repeated doses of atropine sulfate should be avoided as what could occur?

A

ulcers

70
Q

Rompun is an ______ __ _______ that can be used for short periods of time (generally only lasts 15-20 mins)

A

alpha-2 agonist

71
Q

In cases of an overdose what drug can be used to reverse Rompun?

A

yobine (yohimbine)

72
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat potomac horse fever and leptospirosis?

A

Doxycycline

73
Q

Which version of doxycycline should be given due to the other causing arrhythmias, collapse, and sudden death even at low doses
1. Oral
2. Injectable

A

Oral

74
Q

A progestin that can be used to delay estrus in mares, or be used to maintain pregnancy in mares prone to abortion

A

Regu-mate altrenogest

Mod 7 (Large animal) (3 decks)

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