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Paraoptometric CPO Exam > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Anesthetic drugs (Proparacaine)

A

Cause a temporary numbing of a nerve, which results in loss of feeling in the surrounding area.

A drug with the suffix -caine usually indicates the drug is an anesthetic. Anesthetics may be given topically in the form of an eye drop, or by injection into or around the eye.

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2
Q

What are Artificial Tears And Lubricants ( Blink Tears, Systane) used to treat?

A

Used to treat dry eyes

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3
Q

Cycloplegic Drugs ( Atropine, Scopolamine, Phenylephrine, Tropicamide)

A

Dilate the pupil by temporarily paralyzing the muscle that constricts the pupil (iris sphincter muscle). A secondary act of a cycloplegic drug is preventing accommodation by paralyzing the ciliary muscle.

Dilate Pupils

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4
Q

Injectable anesthetics ( Lidocaine)

A

Used to anesthetize the eyelids, globe, and ocular muscles. These agents may be combined with epinephrine to cause constriction of the blood vessels, resulting in a decrease in bleeding.

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5
Q

Miotic Drugs (Pilocarpine)

A

Act by stimulating the iris SPHINCTER muscle, causing miosis/ constriction of the pupil. Miotics are generally used to lower intraocular pressure by improving aqueous humor drainage through the trabecular meshwork.

Constrict Pupil

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6
Q

Mydriatic Drugs

A

Stimulate the iris DILATOR muscle, causing the pupil to dilate.

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7
Q

Ophthalmic Stains or Dyes (Ex: Sodium Fluorescein)

A

Topically used to stain the eye for Goldmann applanation tonometry, outline defective areas of the cornea, and aid in fitting gas-permeable contact lenses.

Ophthalmic stains can highlight defects in the blood vessels and retinal structures when injected intravenously. Liquid fluorescein is available mixed with an anesthetic for convenience in performing applanation tonometry

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8
Q

Therapeutic Drugs (Tobramycin, Azithromycin)

A

Large variety of medications available to treat eye conditions and disease.

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9
Q

Qd

A

Every Day

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10
Q

Bid

A

Twice A Day

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11
Q

Tid

A

Three Times Daily

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12
Q

Qid

A

Four Times Daily

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13
Q

What is headed by the symbol “M” on Rx?

A

Quantity of drug to be dispensed

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14
Q

What is “Sig” On Rx?

A

Directions to the pharmacist about what to put on the prescription label

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15
Q

Sodium Fluorescein

A

Most commonly used ophthalmic dye which is available in liquid form or impregnated on dry, paper filter strips.

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16
Q

PRN

A

As Needed

17
Q

How many cap colors are there?

A

9

18
Q

What Is TURQUOISE/TEAL Cap Color?

A

Prostaglandin Analogues ( Treat Glaucoma by lowering IOP)

(Ex: Xalatan (latanoprost), Lumigan (bimatoprost), Travatan Z (travoprost)

19
Q

What Is PURPLE Cap Color?

A

Alpha Adrenergic agonists
Reduce IOP by decreasing the production of aqueous humor by the ciliary body and increasing drainage through the uveoscleral pathway.
(Ex:Brominidine (Alphagan)

20
Q

What Is ORANGE Cap Color?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CIAs - Used to treat Glaucoma)
Classically used in the management of glaucoma due to their ability to reduce the production/secretion of aqueous humor, thereby lowering the IOP. Furthermore, they are used for chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute angle-closure glaucoma before surgery.
(Ex: Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide)

21
Q

What Is RED Cap Color?

A

Mydriatics and Cycloplegics
(Dilating Eye Drops)

(Ex: Atropine, Homatropine, Cyclopentolate, Tropicamide, Scopolamine, Phenylephrine)

22
Q

What Is TAN Cap Color?

A

Antibiotics

Ex: Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan), Ofloxacin (Oculion), Gatifloxacin (Zymar, Zymaxid), Moxifloxacin (Vigamox, Moxeza.)

23
Q

What Is DARK BLUE Cap Color?

A

Beta Blockers Combinations ( Treat Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension)
Lowers IOP by decreasing the production of natural fluids in the eye.
(Ex:Combigan (brimonidine-timolol), Cosopt (dorzolamide-timolol)

24
Q

What Is YELLOW Cap Color?

A

Beta-blockers ( Lower Blood Pressure)

Decrease aqueous production
Taken 1 or 2 times a day

(Ex: Timolol, Betimol, Levobunolol
Betaxolol - light blue top)

25
Q

What Is WHITE Cap Color?

A

Topical anesthetics and
Over-The-Counter (OTC)
products.

26
Q

What is the therapeutic drug used to reduce inflammation?

A

Corticosteroids

27
Q

By Mouth

A

p.o.

28
Q

Drop

A

gtt

29
Q

What is PINK cap color?

A

Steroid drops

Paraoptometric CPO Exam (19 decks)

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