Pharmacology Flashcards
Anesthetic drugs (Proparacaine)
Cause a temporary numbing of a nerve, which results in loss of feeling in the surrounding area.
A drug with the suffix -caine usually indicates the drug is an anesthetic. Anesthetics may be given topically in the form of an eye drop, or by injection into or around the eye.
What are Artificial Tears And Lubricants ( Blink Tears, Systane) used to treat?
Used to treat dry eyes
Cycloplegic Drugs ( Atropine, Scopolamine, Phenylephrine, Tropicamide)
Dilate the pupil by temporarily paralyzing the muscle that constricts the pupil (iris sphincter muscle). A secondary act of a cycloplegic drug is preventing accommodation by paralyzing the ciliary muscle.
Dilate Pupils
Injectable anesthetics ( Lidocaine)
Used to anesthetize the eyelids, globe, and ocular muscles. These agents may be combined with epinephrine to cause constriction of the blood vessels, resulting in a decrease in bleeding.
Miotic Drugs (Pilocarpine)
Act by stimulating the iris SPHINCTER muscle, causing miosis/ constriction of the pupil. Miotics are generally used to lower intraocular pressure by improving aqueous humor drainage through the trabecular meshwork.
Constrict Pupil
Mydriatic Drugs
Stimulate the iris DILATOR muscle, causing the pupil to dilate.
Ophthalmic Stains or Dyes (Ex: Sodium Fluorescein)
Topically used to stain the eye for Goldmann applanation tonometry, outline defective areas of the cornea, and aid in fitting gas-permeable contact lenses.
Ophthalmic stains can highlight defects in the blood vessels and retinal structures when injected intravenously. Liquid fluorescein is available mixed with an anesthetic for convenience in performing applanation tonometry
Therapeutic Drugs (Tobramycin, Azithromycin)
Large variety of medications available to treat eye conditions and disease.
Qd
Every Day
Bid
Twice A Day
Tid
Three Times Daily
Qid
Four Times Daily
What is headed by the symbol “M” on Rx?
Quantity of drug to be dispensed
What is “Sig” On Rx?
Directions to the pharmacist about what to put on the prescription label
Sodium Fluorescein
Most commonly used ophthalmic dye which is available in liquid form or impregnated on dry, paper filter strips.
