Pharmacology

Question 1

Describe diffusion, in simple terms.

Answer 1

Movement of molecules from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

Question 2

What is the difference between (simple) diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Answer 2

Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of molecules down a gradient (concentration/pressure) with the help of a carrier protein or ion gradient. Simple diffusion is not assisted by an outside source.

Question 3

What is the difference between (simple) diffusion and active transport?

Answer 3

Active transport involves the movement of molecules powered by ATP while simple diffusion is not assisted by an outside source.

Question 4

Define the term “Blood hydrostatic pressure”.

Answer 4

Defines the pressure created by the fluid inside a blood vessel pushing out against the vessel walls.

Question 5

Define the term “Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure”.

Answer 5

The pressure created by the fluid pushing on the blood vessel walls from the outside (intracellular or interstitial space).

Question 6

Define the term “Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure”.

Answer 6

The pressure created by the sucking force of fluid leaving the cell/vessel and moving out into the interstitial space.

Question 7

Define the term “Blood colloid osmotic pressure”.

Answer 7

The pressure created by the sucking force of fluid leaving the interstitial space and entering the blood vessel/cell.

Question 8

What does the shorthand notation OD mean in terms of medication?

Answer 8

Taken once daily

Question 9

What does the shorthand notation BID mean in terms of medication?

Answer 9

Taken twice daily

Question 10

What does the shorthand notation TID mean in terms of medication?

Answer 10

Taken three times daily

Question 11

What does the shorthand notation QID mean in terms of medication?

Answer 11

Taken four times daily

Question 12

What does the shorthand notation QHS mean in terms of medication?

Answer 12

Taken before bedtime

Question 13

What does the shorthand notation Q4H mean in terms of medication?

Answer 13

Taken every 4 hours

Question 14

What does the shorthand notation STAT mean in terms of medication?

Answer 14

Taken immediately

Question 15

What does the shorthand notation PRN mean in terms of medication?

Answer 15

Taken as needed

Question 16

What does the shorthand notation AC mean in terms of medication?

Answer 16

Taken before meals

Question 17

What does the shorthand notation PC mean in terms of medication?

Answer 17

Taken after meals

Question 18

What does the shorthand notation PO mean in terms of medication?

Answer 18

administered orally

Question 19

What does the shorthand notation IM mean in terms of medication?

Answer 19

Administered intramuscularly

Question 20

What does the shorthand notation IV mean in terms of medication?

Answer 20

Administered intravenously

Question 21

What does the shorthand notation IVP mean in terms of medication?

Answer 21

Administered by intravenous push

Question 22

What does the shorthand notation SC mean in terms of medication?

Answer 22

Administered subcutaneously

Question 23

What does the shorthand notation PR mean in terms of medication?

Answer 23

Administered rectally

Question 24

What does the shorthand notation ID mean in terms of medication?

Answer 24

Administered intradermally

Question 25

Describe, in simple terms, the focus of pharmacokinetics.

Answer 25

How drugs enter the body, reach the target organ, and are eliminated.

Question 26

Describe, in simple terms, the focus of pharmacodynamics.

Answer 26

How the body responds to an administered drug and its affects on the body.

Question 27

With regards to drugs and drug action, what does the term “efficacy” describe?

Answer 27

The ability of a drug to induce a clinical response.

Question 28

With regards to drugs and drug action, what does the term “potency” describe?

Answer 28

The relative amount of medication needed to produce a desired response.