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Columbia PCP - Victoria FT > Drug Monographs > Flashcards

Drug Monographs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 “Rights” Of medication administration?

A
  1. Right patient
  2. Right dose
  3. Right route
  4. Right medication
  5. Right time (in the call)
  6. right documentation
    +Expiry date!
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2
Q

What class of drug is acetaminophen? When are you indicated to give it?

A

It is an analgesic (and antipyretic, but not for us). We give for relief of mild to moderate pain.

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3
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of acetaminophen?

A
  • Hypersensitivity to acetaminophen
  • Severe alcoholic hepatitis or liver dysfunction with active alcohol consumption
  • Acute liver injury
  • Acetaminophen-induced liver disease
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4
Q

What dosage of acetaminophen would you administer to an adult patient with moderate pain? How often can you repeat this dose?

A

500-1000mg PO, Q4H.

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5
Q

What class of drug is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)? When are you indicated to give it?

A

It is an antiplatelet and an antithrombotic. We give it for chest pain or signs and symptoms consistent with cardiac ischemia.

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6
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of ASA?

A
  • Hypersensitivity to ASA or NSAIDs
  • Active or recent bleeding
  • Pediatric patients with signs and symptoms of viral illness
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7
Q

What dosage of ASA would you administer to an adult patient with chest pain?

A

162mg PO chewed and swallowed.

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8
Q

When are you indicated to give Dextrose (D10W)?

A

Suspected or known hypoglycemia.

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9
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of dextrose to a patient?

A

None! As long as you’re indicated you can give it.

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10
Q

What dosage of dextrose (D10W) would you administer to an adult patient with known hypoglycemia?

A

10-25g IV (equivalent to 100-250 mL of D10W solution).

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11
Q

What class of drug is dimenhydrinate? When are you indicated to give it?

A

It is an antiemetic, antihistamine, anticholinergic, and antivertigo medication. Indicated for the relief of moderate to severe nausea and vomiting.

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12
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of dimenhydrinate?

A

Known sensitivity to dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, or caffeine derivatives.

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13
Q

What dosage of dimenhydrinate would you administer to an adult patient to control nausea/vomiting? What about for the elderly?

A

25-50mg IV/IM. 12.5mg IV/IM in the elderly. Give IM dose as direct injection over 2 minutes. IV dose gets diluted in 9mL saline.

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14
Q

What class of drug is epinephrine? When are you indicated to give it?

A

It is a catecholamine and a sympathomimetic CNS stimulant. Indicated for anaphylaxis, severe bronchospasm, and severe croup.

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15
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of epinephrine?

A

None. Never contraindicated for life-threatening airway compromise.

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16
Q

What dosage of epinephrine would you administer to an adult patient with severe bronchospasm? How often can you repeat this?

A

0.5mg IM. Repeat every 5-20 minutes up to 3 times total. Additional doses require CliniCall consultation.

17
Q

What class of drug is glucagon? When are you indicated to give it?

A

It is a pancreatic hormone and insulin antagonist. Indicated for hypoglycemia when IV access is unavailable.

18
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of glucagon?

A
  • Known hypersensitivity
  • Pheochromocytoma
19
Q

What dosage of glucagon would you administer to an adult patient experiencing hypoglycemia?

A

1mg IM.

20
Q

What class of drug is ibuprofen? When are you indicated to give it?

A

It is an analgesic, an antipyretic, and an NSAID. Indicated for the relief of mild to moderate pain.

21
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of ibuprofen?

A
  • Known hypersensitivity
  • Active GI bleeds/ulcers
  • Pregnancy
22
Q

What dosage of ibuprofen would you administer to an adult patient with moderate pain? How often can you give it?

A

300-400mg PO. Q4-6H

23
Q

What class of drug is naloxone? When are you indicated to give it?

A

It is a narcotic antagonist. Indicated when there is respiratory depression as a result of narcotic intoxication.

24
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of naloxone?

A
  • Known hypersensitivity
  • Patient is a neonate
25
Q

What dosage of naloxone would you give to an adult patient experiencing a narcotic overdose? What if it doesn’t work?

A

First 0.4mg, then 0.4mg, then 0.8mg, then 2mg. Can be IV or IM, but prefer IV.

26
Q

What class of drug is nitroglycerin? When are you indicated to give it?

A

It is an antianginal medication. Indicated for the relief of chest pain suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (angina).

27
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of nitroglycerin?

A
  • Known hypersensitivity
  • Viagra/Levitra used in last 24H
  • Cialis used in last 48H
  • Anemia
  • Pericarditis/Pericardial tamponade
  • Documented R-sided MI
  • BPS <110 mmHg
  • HR<50 or >150 bpm
28
Q

What dosage of nitroglycerin would you give an adult patient experiencing an angina exacerbation? How often can you repeat this?

A

0.4mg SL every 3-5 minutes. Must maintain BPS >110 and HR >50 but <150 bpm!

29
Q

What class of drug is nitrous oxide (entonox)? When are you indicated to give it?

A

An inhaled anaesthetic. Indicated for moderate to severe pain.

30
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of nitrous oxide?

A
  • C an comply
  • D ecompression sickness
  • C onsciousness altered
  • P neumothorax
  • A ir embolism
  • I nhalation injury
  • N itro used in last 5 mins
31
Q

What class of drug is salbutamol? When are you indicated to give it?

A

It is a bronchodilator and a sympathomimetic CNS stimulant. Indicated for bronchospasm (wheezing).

32
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of salbutamol?

A
  • Known hypersensitivity
  • Tachycardia >150 bpm (hemodynamically significant)
33
Q

What dosage of salbutamol would you give an adult patient experiencing an asthma exacerbation?

A

4x100ug MDI. Shake MDI between each. Repeat as required.

34
Q

What class of drug is tranexamic acid (TXA)? When are you indicated to give it?

A

It is a hemostatic and antifibrinolytic agent. Indicated for signs of shock/hypoperfusion with injury indicating occult or ongoing hemorrhage.

35
Q

What findings (if any) would contraindicate the administration of tranexamic acid (TXA)?

A
  • Known hypersensitivity
  • GI hemorrhage
  • > 3H since injury
  • Patient <12 years old
36
Q

What dosage of tranexamic acid (TXA) would you give an adult patient suffering from internal bleeding?

A

1g IV (10 mL diluted in 50mL NS) given over 10 minutes.

Columbia PCP - Victoria FT (30 decks)

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