Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 2a > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Basal Insulin

A

Treats T1DM
Long acting insulin, lasts for 12-24 hours. Mixed with protamine or zinc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bolus Insulin

A

Treats T2DM
Short acting soluble insulins work within 30-60 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Metformin

A
  • Treats T2DM
  • Biguanide class
  • Reduces gluconeogenesis in liver and increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle
  • Side effects: GI issues, lactic acidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gliclazide/ Glipizide

A
  • Treats T2DM
  • Sulfonylurea class
  • Stimulates B cells to secrete insulin
  • Side effects: hypoglycaemia, weight gain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sitagliptin

A
  • Treats T2DM
  • DPP4 Inhibitors class
  • Inhibits DPP4 which stimulates insulin secretion
  • Side effects: GI issues, pancreatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pioglitazone

A
  • Treats T2DM
  • Glitazone class
  • Increases uptake of fatty acids and glucose
  • Side effects: fluid retention and weight gain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carbimazole

A
  • Treats Hyperthyroidism
  • Blocks thyroid hormone synthesis and is an immunosuppressive
  • Give with thyroxine to prevent hypothyroidism
  • Side effect: agranulocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Levothyroxine

A
  • Treats Hypothyroidism
  • Form of T4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spironolactone

A
  • Treats Conn’s Syndrome, Ascites, HF, Hypertension, ARPKD
  • K+ sparing diuretic
  • Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and water by epitherlial sodium channels in DCT
  • Side effects: GI upset, Hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis, gynaecomastia
  • Another example of a K+ sparing diuretic is Amiloride
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clopidogrel

A
  • Treats IHD, Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • Antiplatelet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fibrinolysis

A
  • Treats Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • Clot buster
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate Spray (GTN)

A
  • Treats angina
  • Dilates coronary arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amlodipine

A
  • Treats angina
  • Calcium channel blocker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ferrous Sulphate

A
  • Treats Iron deficiency
  • Oral iron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

A
  • Treats Pernicious Anaemia
  • Vitamin B12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hydroxycarbamide

A
  • Treats Sickle Cell Anaemia
  • Increases HbF concentration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LMW heparin

A
  • Treats DVT
  • Inactivates factor Xa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Apixaban

A
  • Treats DVT
  • Direct acting Oral Anti-Coagulant (DOAC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Doxycycline

A
  • Treats Malaria
  • Antibiotic for bacterial infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Imatinib

A

Treats CML if Philadelphia chromosome positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Quinine

A

Treats malaria (antimalarial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ABVD

A
  • Treats Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
  • Adriagmycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

R-CHOP

A
  • Treats Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
  • Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxy-daunorubicin, O-Vincristine, Prednisolone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pegylated Interferon Alpha 2a

A
  • 1st line treatment for Hepatitis B, C and D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Tenofovir

A
  • 2nd line treatment for Hepatitis B
  • Inhibits viral replication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ribavirin

A
  • Treats Hepatitis C
  • Antiviral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sofusbuvir

A
  • Treats Hepatitis C
  • Antiviral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

N-acetycysteine

A
  • Treats paracetamol overdose
  • Given if OD taken >1 hour ago or patient has existing liver damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Loperamide

A
  • Treats Diarrhoea
  • Anti-motility (stops pooing)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Desferrioxamine

A
  • Treats Haemochromatosis
  • Chelating agent: sticks to iron to remove in urination
31
Q

Penicillamine

A
  • Treats Willson’s Disease
  • Chelating agent: binds to copper to remove in urination
32
Q

Furosemide

A
  • Treats Ascites, SIADH, ARPKD
  • Loop Diuretic
  • Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporters on ascending loop of Henle
  • Side effects: dehyrdation, hypotension, hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, ototoxicity
  • Another example of a loop diuretic is Bumetanide
33
Q

Demeclocycline

A
  • Treats SIADH
  • Inhibits action of vasopressin on kidney
34
Q

Tolvaptan

A
  • Treats SIADH, hyponatraemia
  • Vasopressin receptor antagonist
35
Q

Desmopressin

A
  • Treats Diabetes Insipidus (cranial)
  • Synthetic vasopressin, reduces renal excretion of water
36
Q

Bendroflumethiazide

A
  • Treats Diabetes Insipidus and APKD
  • Causes more Na+ secretion in DCT → increased water loss causes GFR reduction by inhibiting sodium chloride transporters
  • Side effects: hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypovolaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperglycaemia in diabetics
37
Q

Calcium Gluconate

A
  • Treats Hyperkalaemia, severe hypocalcaemia
  • Reduces excitability of cardiac myocytes
38
Q

Insulin with Dextrose

A
  • Treats hyperkalaemia
  • Drives K+ into cells
39
Q

Polystyrene Sulphonate Resin

A
  • Treats Hyperkalaemia
  • Binds K+ in gut, decreasing uptake
40
Q

Calcitriol

A
  • Treats Hypoparathyroidism
  • Active form of Vit D
41
Q

Calcimimetic

A
  • Treats Hyperparathyroidism
  • Increases sensitivity to Ca2+ so reduces PTH secretion
42
Q

Colchicine

A
  • Treats Pericarditis
  • Inhibits migrations of neutrophils to site of inflammation
43
Q

Diclofenac

A
  • Analgesia
  • Give 75mg IV for renal colic (urinary tract stones)
44
Q

Metoclopramide

A
  • Anti-emetic
  • Treats renal colic (urinary tract stones)
45
Q

Prednisolone

A
  • Take orally for Crohn’s (first line)
  • Glucocorticoid steroid
  • Second line treatment for UC not responding to 5-ASA or in severe cases
46
Q

Hydrocortisone

A
  • Take IV for severe Crohn’s
  • Strong steroid
47
Q

Inliximab

A
  • Take for Crohn’s not respoding to steroids
  • Anti-TNF antibody
48
Q

Adalimumab

A
  • Take for Crohn’s not respoding to steroids
  • Anti-TNF antibody
49
Q

Azathioprine

A
  • Maintains remission in Crohn’s
50
Q

5-aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA)

A
  • Take orally or suppository for UC (first line)
  • Examples: Sulfasalazine, mesalazine, olsalazine
51
Q

Lansoprazole

A
  • Proton Pump Inhibitor
  • Inhibits gastric hydrogen release preventing production of gastric acid
  • Treats GORD
  • Preventative for gastritis
52
Q

Omeprazole

A
  • Proton Pump Inhibitor
  • Inhibits gastric hydrogen release preventing production of gastric acid
  • Treats GORD and peptic ulcers
  • Preventative for gastritis
53
Q

Cimetidine

A
  • H2 receptor antagonist
  • Blocks histamine receptors on parietal cells reducing acid release
  • Treats GORD, peptic ulcers and gastritis
54
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A
  • Treats Minimal Change Disease
  • Give with Corticosteroids as 1st line treatment
  • 1st line in induction of IgA Nephropathy
55
Q

Cyclosporine

A
  • Treats recurrent Minimal Change Disease
  • Use with Corticosteroids when Cyclophosphamide hasn’t helped
56
Q

Azathioprine

A
  • Treats IgA Nephropathy in remission
57
Q

Cefalexin

A
  • 1st line antibiotic in treating Pyelonephritis
58
Q

Meyoclopramide

A
  • Treats renal colic
  • Anti-emetic
59
Q

Mitomycin C

A
  • Antineoplastic antibiotic / chemotherapy
  • Interferes with DNA and stops cell division
  • Treats bladder cancer
60
Q

BCG

A
  • Immunotherapy drug
  • Infects bladder tumour cells increasing expression of antigen presenting cells causing cytokine release
  • Treats bladder cancer
61
Q

Goserelin

A
  • GnRH agonist
  • Treats prostate cancer
62
Q

Bicalutamide

A
  • Androgen receptor blocker
  • Treats prostate cancer
63
Q

Tamsulosin

A
  • Selective alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist
  • Relaxes smooth muscle in bladder neck and prostate, increasing urinary flow rate
  • S/E postural hypotension, retrograde ejaculation
  • 1st line treatment for BPH
64
Q

Finasteride

A
  • 5-a-reductase inhibitor
  • Inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
  • S/E fatigue, lethargy, ED
  • Treats BPH
65
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A
  • Antibiotic
  • Contraindicated in pregnancy (except 1st trimester)
  • 1st line treatment for cystitis
66
Q

Trimethoprim

A
  • Antibiotic safe in pregnancy
  • Treats cystitis, second line for prostatitis
67
Q

Cefalexin

A
  • Antibiotic safe in pregnancy
  • Treats cystitis, pyelonephritis
68
Q

Gentamicin

A
  • 1st line treatment for acute prostatitis
  • Deliver by IV with co-amoxiclav
  • Treats pyelonephritis
69
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A
  • Treatment for chronic prostatitis
  • 4-6 week course
70
Q

Azithromycin

A
  • 1st line treatment for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea
  • Pregnancy safe
71
Q

Doxycycline

A
  • Treats Chlamydia
  • Don’t use in pregnancy
72
Q

Erythromycin

A
  • Treats Chlamydia with pregnancy
73
Q

Ceftriaxone

A
  • Treats Gonorrhoea

Phase 2a (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions