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Phase 2a > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Basal Insulin

A

Treats T1DM
Long acting insulin, lasts for 12-24 hours. Mixed with protamine or zinc

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2
Q

Bolus Insulin

A

Treats T2DM
Short acting soluble insulins work within 30-60 minutes

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3
Q

Metformin

A
  • Treats T2DM
  • Biguanide class
  • Reduces gluconeogenesis in liver and increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle
  • Side effects: GI issues, lactic acidosis
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4
Q

Gliclazide/ Glipizide

A
  • Treats T2DM
  • Sulfonylurea class
  • Stimulates B cells to secrete insulin
  • Side effects: hypoglycaemia, weight gain
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5
Q

Sitagliptin

A
  • Treats T2DM
  • DPP4 Inhibitors class
  • Inhibits DPP4 which stimulates insulin secretion
  • Side effects: GI issues, pancreatitis
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6
Q

Pioglitazone

A
  • Treats T2DM
  • Glitazone class
  • Increases uptake of fatty acids and glucose
  • Side effects: fluid retention and weight gain
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7
Q

Carbimazole

A
  • Treats Hyperthyroidism
  • Blocks thyroid hormone synthesis and is an immunosuppressive
  • Give with thyroxine to prevent hypothyroidism
  • Side effect: agranulocytosis
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8
Q

Levothyroxine

A
  • Treats Hypothyroidism
  • Form of T4
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9
Q

Spironolactone

A
  • Treats Conn’s Syndrome, Ascites, HF, Hypertension, ARPKD
  • K+ sparing diuretic
  • Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and water by epitherlial sodium channels in DCT
  • Side effects: GI upset, Hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis, gynaecomastia
  • Another example of a K+ sparing diuretic is Amiloride
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10
Q

Clopidogrel

A
  • Treats IHD, Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • Antiplatelet
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11
Q

Fibrinolysis

A
  • Treats Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • Clot buster
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12
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate Spray (GTN)

A
  • Treats angina
  • Dilates coronary arteries
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13
Q

Amlodipine

A
  • Treats angina
  • Calcium channel blocker
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14
Q

Ferrous Sulphate

A
  • Treats Iron deficiency
  • Oral iron
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15
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

A
  • Treats Pernicious Anaemia
  • Vitamin B12
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16
Q

Hydroxycarbamide

A
  • Treats Sickle Cell Anaemia
  • Increases HbF concentration
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17
Q

LMW heparin

A
  • Treats DVT
  • Inactivates factor Xa
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18
Q

Apixaban

A
  • Treats DVT
  • Direct acting Oral Anti-Coagulant (DOAC)
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19
Q

Doxycycline

A
  • Treats Malaria
  • Antibiotic for bacterial infections
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20
Q

Imatinib

A

Treats CML if Philadelphia chromosome positive

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21
Q

Quinine

A

Treats malaria (antimalarial)

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22
Q

ABVD

A
  • Treats Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
  • Adriagmycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine
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23
Q

R-CHOP

A
  • Treats Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
  • Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxy-daunorubicin, O-Vincristine, Prednisolone
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24
Q

Pegylated Interferon Alpha 2a

A
  • 1st line treatment for Hepatitis B, C and D
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25
Tenofovir
- 2nd line treatment for Hepatitis B - Inhibits viral replication
26
Ribavirin
- Treats Hepatitis C - Antiviral
27
Sofusbuvir
- Treats Hepatitis C - Antiviral
28
N-acetycysteine
- Treats paracetamol overdose - Given if OD taken >1 hour ago or patient has existing liver damage
29
Loperamide
- Treats Diarrhoea - Anti-motility (stops pooing)
30
Desferrioxamine
- Treats Haemochromatosis - Chelating agent: sticks to iron to remove in urination
31
Penicillamine
- Treats Willson's Disease - Chelating agent: binds to copper to remove in urination
32
Furosemide
- Treats Ascites, SIADH, ARPKD - Loop Diuretic - Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporters on ascending loop of Henle - Side effects: dehyrdation, hypotension, hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, ototoxicity - Another example of a loop diuretic is Bumetanide
33
Demeclocycline
- Treats SIADH - Inhibits action of vasopressin on kidney
34
Tolvaptan
- Treats SIADH, hyponatraemia - Vasopressin receptor antagonist
35
Desmopressin
- Treats Diabetes Insipidus (cranial) - Synthetic vasopressin, reduces renal excretion of water
36
Bendroflumethiazide
- Treats Diabetes Insipidus and APKD - Causes more Na+ secretion in DCT → increased water loss causes GFR reduction by inhibiting sodium chloride transporters - Side effects: hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypovolaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperglycaemia in diabetics
37
Calcium Gluconate
- Treats Hyperkalaemia, severe hypocalcaemia - Reduces excitability of cardiac myocytes
38
Insulin with Dextrose
- Treats hyperkalaemia - Drives K+ into cells
39
Polystyrene Sulphonate Resin
- Treats Hyperkalaemia - Binds K+ in gut, decreasing uptake
40
Calcitriol
- Treats Hypoparathyroidism - Active form of Vit D
41
Calcimimetic
- Treats Hyperparathyroidism - Increases sensitivity to Ca2+ so reduces PTH secretion
42
Colchicine
- Treats Pericarditis - Inhibits migrations of neutrophils to site of inflammation
43
Diclofenac
- Analgesia - Give 75mg IV for renal colic (urinary tract stones)
44
Metoclopramide
- Anti-emetic - Treats renal colic (urinary tract stones)
45
Prednisolone
- Take orally for Crohn's (first line) - Glucocorticoid steroid - Second line treatment for UC not responding to 5-ASA or in severe cases
46
Hydrocortisone
- Take IV for severe Crohn's - Strong steroid
47
Inliximab
- Take for Crohn's not respoding to steroids - Anti-TNF antibody
48
Adalimumab
- Take for Crohn's not respoding to steroids - Anti-TNF antibody
49
Azathioprine
- Maintains remission in Crohn's
50
5-aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA)
- Take orally or suppository for UC (first line) - Examples: Sulfasalazine, mesalazine, olsalazine
51
Lansoprazole
- Proton Pump Inhibitor - Inhibits gastric hydrogen release preventing production of gastric acid - Treats GORD - Preventative for gastritis
52
Omeprazole
- Proton Pump Inhibitor - Inhibits gastric hydrogen release preventing production of gastric acid - Treats GORD and peptic ulcers - Preventative for gastritis
53
Cimetidine
- H2 receptor antagonist - Blocks histamine receptors on parietal cells reducing acid release - Treats GORD, peptic ulcers and gastritis
54
Cyclophosphamide
- Treats Minimal Change Disease - Give with Corticosteroids as 1st line treatment - 1st line in induction of IgA Nephropathy
55
Cyclosporine
- Treats recurrent Minimal Change Disease - Use with Corticosteroids when Cyclophosphamide hasn't helped
56
Azathioprine
- Treats IgA Nephropathy in remission
57
Cefalexin
- 1st line antibiotic in treating Pyelonephritis
58
Meyoclopramide
- Treats renal colic - Anti-emetic
59
Mitomycin C
- Antineoplastic antibiotic / chemotherapy - Interferes with DNA and stops cell division - Treats bladder cancer
60
BCG
- Immunotherapy drug - Infects bladder tumour cells increasing expression of antigen presenting cells causing cytokine release - Treats bladder cancer
61
Goserelin
- GnRH agonist - Treats prostate cancer
62
Bicalutamide
- Androgen receptor blocker - Treats prostate cancer
63
Tamsulosin
- Selective alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist - Relaxes smooth muscle in bladder neck and prostate, increasing urinary flow rate - S/E postural hypotension, retrograde ejaculation - 1st line treatment for BPH
64
Finasteride
- 5-a-reductase inhibitor - Inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone - S/E fatigue, lethargy, ED - Treats BPH
65
Nitrofurantoin
- Antibiotic - Contraindicated in pregnancy (except 1st trimester) - 1st line treatment for cystitis
66
Trimethoprim
- Antibiotic safe in pregnancy - Treats cystitis, second line for prostatitis
67
Cefalexin
- Antibiotic safe in pregnancy - Treats cystitis, pyelonephritis
68
Gentamicin
- 1st line treatment for acute prostatitis - Deliver by IV with co-amoxiclav - Treats pyelonephritis
69
Ciprofloxacin
- Treatment for chronic prostatitis - 4-6 week course
70
Azithromycin
- 1st line treatment for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea - Pregnancy safe
71
Doxycycline
- Treats Chlamydia - Don't use in pregnancy
72
Erythromycin
- Treats Chlamydia with pregnancy
73
Ceftriaxone
- Treats Gonorrhoea

Phase 2a (15 decks)

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