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PR 3152 Finals > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

tamoxifen uses

A

breast cancer, menopausal women

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2
Q

tamoxifen moa

A

competitive inhibition of endogenous estrogen binding to target tissue. estrogen-responsive gene expression altered, prevents cell activation and proliferation

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3
Q

administration of tamoxifen

A

oral

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4
Q

side effects of tamoxifen

A

hot flush
risk of endometrial cancer
vte

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5
Q

tamoxifen metabolism

A

liver cyp3a4 (affected by grapefruit)
cyp2d6 (cough and cold meds can affect)

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6
Q

tamoxifen toxicity

A

neurotoxicity (tremor, dizziness)

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7
Q

pembrolizumab moa

A

pd1 blocker, binds to pd1 of T cell and prevents cancer cell from binding, preventing inhibition of T cell activation

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8
Q

pembrolizumab uses

A

inhibits cancer metastasis

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9
Q

pembrolizumab se

A

infusion related se
ND
joint pain
LT immune related inflamx on lung

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10
Q

pembrolizumab ci

A

corticosteroids
imunosuppressants
pregnant
hypersensitivity to other ab therapy

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11
Q

leuprorelin moa

A

analogue, inhibition of pituitary GnRH release, reduces androgen production in testes, androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells undergo apoptosis

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12
Q

leuprorelin monitoring

A

first few weeks of therapy: PSA
after 4 weeks of therapy: LH, FSH, TTS

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13
Q

leuprorelin administration

A

SC or IM at 1,2,3 mths interval

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14
Q

leuprorelin se

A

infusion pain
flushes
headache
gi disturbances
libido loss

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15
Q

leuprolide ci

A

hypersensitivity to gnrh agonists
heart disease
risk for osteoporosis

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16
Q

bicalutamide moa

A

androgen receptor antagonist, impairs cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis in cancer cells

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17
Q

bicalutamide administration

A

oral

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18
Q

bicalutamide se

A

gynaecomastia
fatigue
sexual dysfunction
gi

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19
Q

biaclutamide metab

A

liver

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20
Q

tamoxifen uses

A

breast cancer, menopausal women

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21
Q

tamoxifen uses

A

breast cancer, menopausal women

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22
Q

metformin uses

A

t2dm
obese pt

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23
Q

metformin moa

A

inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver, upregulate protein kinase, increasing glucose uptake into tissues

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24
Q

metformin se

A

anorexia
gi disturbances
vit b12 deficiency

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25
Q

metformin excretion

A

urine (avoid patients with renal insufficiency)

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26
Q

glipizide moa

A

SU bind to SU receptor proteins and inhibits Katp channel mediated K+ efflux, triggering clacium dependent exocytosis of insulin granules from pancreatic B cells.

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27
Q

glipizide metab

28
Q

glipizide ae

A

hypogly, weight gain

29
Q

sitagliptin moa

A

dpp4i, prolongs action of endogenous incretins

30
Q

sitagliptin ae

A

gi disturbances
flu-like symptoms
skin reactions
careful in patients with pancreatitis

31
Q

liraglutide uses

A

weight loss in obese patients
reduced risk of cvs complications

32
Q

liraglutide moa

A

glp receptor agonist, upregulates cAMP and PKA, leads to increased insulin secretion and decreased glucagon release

33
Q

liraglutide distribution

A

extended action due to long half life

34
Q

empagliflozin moa

A

inhibits sglt2, decreased reabsorption of glucose and renal threshold for glucose. increased urinary glucose excretion

35
Q

empagliflozin ae

A

uti
increased urination
diabetic ketoacidosis

36
Q

carbimazole moa

A

reduce thyroid hormone synthesis by inhibiting thyroid peroxidase which is needed to give precursor of T3 and T4.

37
Q

carbimazole uses

A

hyperthyroidism. before surgery

38
Q

carbimazole ae

A

rash
joint pain
jaundice
nausea
agranulcytosis (rare)

39
Q

carbimazole metab

A

cyp450, fmo (LIVER)

40
Q

levothyroxine uses

A

restore levels of T4

41
Q

levothyroxine moa

A

synthetic t4, body uses it to be converted to active T3 via deiodinase

42
Q

levothyroxine admin instruction

A

30-60 minutes before breakfast / 4 hours after dinner
- Iron supplements / antacids / milk: at least 2 hours apart

affected by antacids, ppi

43
Q

levothyroxine ae (overcompensation leading to hyperthy)

A

anorexia
anxiety
diarrhoea
hair loss

44
Q

levothyroxine ci (signs of anxiety)

A

cardiac dysfunction
seizures

45
Q

levothyroxine monitoring

A

serum tsh first 6-8 weeks

46
Q

tamsulosin moa

A

reversible alpha 1 adrenoceptor blocker, prevents vasoconstriction induced by catecholamines that lead to contraction of internal sphincter of bladder, allowing urine to flow

47
Q

does tamsulosin have effect on blood pressure?

A

no. great selectivity for a1A (blood vessels in prostate)

48
Q

tamsulosin ae

A

abnormal ejaculation
back pain

49
Q

tamsulosin metab

A

liver (cyp)

50
Q

tamsulosin ci

A

concurrent usage of a1 antagonists

51
Q

finasteride moa

A

competitively inhibits 5a reductase, prevents conversion of TTS to DHT, reduces prostate size growth

52
Q

finasteride monitoring

A

PSA levels, take up to 6 months

53
Q

finasteride ae

A

libido loss

54
Q

finasteride metab

55
Q

finasteride ci

A

women/children
pregnant

56
Q

sildenafil moa

A

pde5i in penis, increase cGMP causing SM relaxation and increased blood flow to corposa cavernosa -> erection

57
Q

sildenafil metab

58
Q

sildenafil ci

A

cardiac pt on GTN (VD effect potentiated)

59
Q

sildenafil ae

A

dizziness
priaprism (LT)
blur vision (LT)
headache
flushing

60
Q

ethinyl estradiol moa

A

estrogen receptor agonist, inhibits FSH release and suppress development of ovarian follicle

endometrium made unsuitable for implantation

61
Q

ethinyl estradiol metab

A

liver

enterohepatic circulation

62
Q

ethinyl estradiol ae

A

breast tenderness
headache
bloating
weight gain

63
Q

ethinyl estradiol LT ae

64
Q

ethinyl estradiol CI

A
  • hx of thrombosis
  • advanced diabetes with CVS
  • uncontrolled HTN
  • breastfeeding (<21d postpartum)
  • breast cancer women
65
Q

norethindrone moa

A

synthetic progestogen, inhibits LH release and prevents ovulation

endometrium unsuitable for implantation

66
Q

norethindrone ae

A

headache
dizziness
weight gain
bloating
amenorrhea
spotting

PR 3152 Finals (6 decks)

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