Pharmacology Flashcards
What is pharmacotherapeutics?
Area of pharmacology that refers to the use of specific drugs to prevent, treat, or diagnose disease
What is pharmacology?
How chemicals affect living tissue
What is toxicology?
Area of pharmacology that studies the harmful effect of chemicals on living things
What is pharmacodynamics?
Analysis of what the drug does in the body, including the mechanism by which the drug exerts its effects and its beneficial or adverse effects at the cellular or organ level
What is pharmacokinetics?
How the body deals with the drug; how it is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted
What is pharmacogenetics?
Directs therapeutics according to a person’s genotype and examine unexpected reactions to drugs
What is pharmacoepidemiology?
Effects of drugs by large populations and examines all factors
What is pharmacoeconomics?
Area of pharmacology looking at cost:benefit
What are drug classes?
Group names for drugs that have similar activities or are used for the same type of disease or disorder
What three things does the drug name include?
Chemical name, generic name, and trade or brand name
What are controlled prescriptions?
Prescriptions in which patient has to see the doctor once every 3 months
What are the five types of controlled medication classes?
- Schedule I - highest potential for abuse
- Schedule II - high potential for abuse and addicition (ex: Percocet)
- Schedule III - less potential for abuse
- Schedule IV - low possibility of abuse
- Schedule V - lowest abuse potential
What are the nine elements of a prescription?
- Physician’s name, address, and telephone number
- Date and patient’s name and address
- Rx - tells how the drug is to be administered
- Inscription - drug name, dose, and quantity to dispense
- Subscription
- Sig - directions to patient on how often to take the drug
- Refill information
- Prescriber’s signature
- DEA number
What is the mechanism of action?
How the drug works
What is the physical nature?
Determines if the drug is water or fat soluble and where to store it
What are the two types of drug receptor interactions?
- Agonist - compliments something
2. Antagonist - blocks an effect
What is bioavailability?
Percentage of drug that reaches the bloodstream
What is first pass effect?
After absorption from the alimentary canal, the drug is transported to the liver where it is metabolized and destroyed prior to reach the site of action
What is parenteral?
Defines methods of drug absorption that do not use the GI tract
What is half-life?
Concentrations after a dose given when half of the drug is removed from the system
When do patients lose compliance with medication?
When they have to take the drug more than two times a day
What is a black box warning?
Warning on bottles that explain possible abuse, addictions, etc
