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Foundations of Nursing > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 8 National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Safety Standards?

A
  1. Clinical governance
  2. Partnering with consumers
  3. Preventing and controlling healthcare associated infection standard
  4. Medication safety standard
  5. Comprehensive care standard
  6. Communicating for safety
  7. Blood management
  8. Recognising and responding to acute deterioration
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2
Q

Define Pharmacotherapy

A

The study of drugs defined as treating or preventing disease and the alleviation of pain and suffering. Study of the effects of drugs

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3
Q

Define Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of what a drug does to the body or, more specifically, the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs in the body

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4
Q

Define Pharmacokinetics

A

Refers to the movement of drugs into, through, and out of the body; it is what the body does to the drug

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5
Q

What are the 4 areas of study in Pharmacokinetics?

A

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion.

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6
Q

What are the component factors of Absorption?

A

Route, Ability to Dissolve, Blood flow, Body surface area, Lipid solubility, Presence of food

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7
Q

What are the component factors of Distribution?

A

Blood flow, Membrane permeability, Presence of serum proteins that limit pharmacological effect

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8
Q

What is Metabolism and where does it primarily take place?

A

Enzymatic alteration of drug structure which primarily happens in the liver

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9
Q

What are the component factors of Metabolism?

A

Age, Nutrition (malnourish patients have diminished metabolism), Competition between drugs

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10
Q

Where can Excretion take place?

A

Kidney, Liver, Bowel, Lungs and Exocrine Glands

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11
Q

What are the Quality Use of Medicines (QUM) of Australia’s National Medicines Policy’s 3 keys quality use?

A

Wise, Necessary, Safe and Effective

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12
Q

What factors should the nurse be able to describe to their patient about a medication?

A 
Drug name and therapeutic category.
Dosage amount and schedule.
Route and administration technique.
Expected response.
Duration of treatment.
Method of drug storage.
Symptoms of major side effects
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13
Q

What are the 3 types of drug names?

A

Chemical, Generic and Brand name

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14
Q

What are the 5 main types of oral medications?

A 
Tablet
Capsule
Enteric coated
Sustained release (PR)
Liquid
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15
Q

What types of oral administration are there?

A

Oral (PO)
Sublingual (under tongue)
Buccal (inside cheek)
Nebulized (NEB)

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16
Q

What types Parenteral routes are there?

A

Subcutaneous (Subcut)
Intramuscular (IM)
Intravenous (IV)

17
Q

What types of topical routes are there?

A 
Skin
Mucous membrane
Ear
Eye
Vagina (PV)
Rectum (PR)
18
Q

Schedule 1

A

Not Currently in medical use EG heroin, LSD

19
Q

Schedule 2 and 3

A

Pharmacy medicines. Safe in use but require counselling with administration. EG some local anaesthetics and analgesics

20
Q

Schedule 4

A

Prescription only medications. EG strong analgesics like panadeine forte. Most benzos

21
Q

Schedule 5

A

Caution. EG Lyrica, Robitussin

22
Q

Schedule 6

A

Poisons. Amyl and nangs

23
Q

Schedule 7

A

Dangerous poison. Arsenic, Cyanide

24
Q

Schedule 8

A

Controlled Drug. Includes opioid analgesics like morphine and fentanyl. Two benzos: flunitrazepam and alprazolam (xanax) and ketamine

25
Q

Schedule 9

A

Prohibited Substance. MDMA, Synthetic cannabinoids .

26
Q

Schedule 10

A

Substances of such danger to health as to warrant prohibition of sale, supply and use

27
Q

Name the three colour codes of shift planning priority from lowest to highest

A

Blue
Green
Red

28
Q

What is Coloxyl with Senna?

A

Oral medication that treats constipation by softening stool and working as a stimulant laxative.

Should be taken after the evening meal and patients should ensure they are intake adequate amounts of fluid and fibre

29
Q

What is Furosemide?

A

An oral medication that treats fluid retention, heart failure, liver damage, renal impairment, nephrotic syndrome and hypertension.

It is a diuretic that has these effects by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle in the kidney.

Can cause hypotension and is contraindicated in severe sodium and fluid depletion. Monitor electrolyte levels

30
Q

What is Esomeprazole?

A

Oral tablet or IV medication treats GORD (acid reflux) and peptic ulcer disease.

Works as a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). It reduces secretion of gastric acid by inhibiting the gastric ATPase enzyme in the parietal cells in the stomach

Normally comes in enteric tablets so should not be crushed. Can interact with St John’s Wart so avoid combining them

31
Q

What is Atorvastatin?

A

Oral medication that treats Hypercholesterolaemia and risk factors for Heart Disease

It increases hepatic cholesterol uptake from blood which reduces concentrations of total cholesterol

Ideally taken at night as more effective

32
Q

What is Ibuprofen?

A

Oral or IV medication that treats pain. Especially due to inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Considered a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agent (NSAID)

Inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase (COX) present as COX‑1 and COX‑2:

May reduce aspirin’s antiplatelet activity and should be administered with food to avoid GI ulceration

33
Q

What is Cephalexin?

A

Oral or IV medication that treats infection. Especially in the respiratory tract, in the skin and in the GIT system. Antibiotic

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Contraindicated in patients with a known allergy to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics

34
Q

What is Perindopril?

A

Oral medication that treats Hypertension of Heart Failure. Antihypertensive; ACE inhibitor

Inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

Will decrease BP and make patient feel dizzy. Always assess BP prior to administration

35
Q

What is Metformin?

A

Oral medication that treats Type 2 Diabetes. It’s a hypoglycaemic agent

Lowers both basal and postprandial plasma glucose

Tablets must be taken with food

36
Q

What is Pregablin?

A

Oral medication that treats neuropathic pain and seizures. Works as a CNS anticonvulsant and analgesia

May cause dizziness and sleepiness

Foundations of Nursing (13 decks)

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