Pharmacology Flashcards
Assessing hydration
<5% no abnormalities, not detachable
mild 5-6%- skin turgor inelasticity mildly reduced
moderate 7-8% skin elasticity reduced, crt2-3 sec mucous membranse dry and sticky.
severe 10-12% skin elasticity completley lost CRT >3secs mm very dry.
signs of over infusion
mm/crt dark pink,
demeanour- spacey, confused drowsy, near death
pcv- low RBCs increased seru and plasma
HR/Pulse- bounding pulses HR increased sound unclear
vitals and perimeter
TEMP DOG 38.3-39.2 CATS 38.2-38.6
HR 70-140 100-200
RR 10-30 20-30
CRT <2SECS
MM pink
urine 20ml/kg/day
fluid
fluid therapy is required
to maintain homestasis
three different types of fluid
Maintenance fluids
deficit or replacement fluids
on-going losses
Blood products
Whole Bloods
ACD acid citrate dextrose
APD citrate phosphate dextrose
Name controlled drugs used at wintec
Morphine,ketamine, phentobarb, temgesic
difference between loading dose and maintenance dose
loading dose is given to acheive therapeutic range more rapidly
maintenance dose: keeps the drug in therapeutic range,
correctly identify the 6RS
Right route right drug right patient right records right time right dose
What does RVM stand for
Restricted Veterinary Medicine
must be issued with vets instruction
why are some drugs controlled
drugs that pose a moderate to high risk of harm
substance abuse if not controlled
What does VOI stand for and what does this mean in vet clinics
verterinary opersting instructions
instructions from a vet to a non vet nurse to hold restricted vet medicines in anticipation of their use
what WHP
with holding period
what does SOAP mean
Subjective- behaviour , demeanour, posture attitude
objective- assessment/ examination and obswervations surgical sites
action - list of possible treatment plans to aid in investigation of the case
plan- plan a list of instructions of what is tio be carried out
fluid in vs fluid out
measure how much water we give them
measure how much wet food was given and how much was ingested
measure how much fluid we give them IV- fluid calculations are meant to be correct and should be recorded
Fluid out
normal losses urine, faeces, sweat respiration
additonal - vomiting diarrhoea haemorrhage and burns etc
Faecal scoring
1-7
1 being very hard and 7 being watery like a puddle
Vomiting vs regurgitating
V+ is bringing up digested food
regurging is bringing up undigested food
feeding fussy patients and stimulating appettes
smelly food, warming up food befrehand, owner coming into feed it, syringe feeding getting them to lick the syringe can encourage eating
housing animals
Depends on the size of the animal
cats in appropriate size cages where they can still move around and stretch bigger dogs would need larger kennels
General nursing care
Grooming, owner visits time out of the cage toileting, tending to the animals
Care of neonatal patients
physiological differences- keeping them warm as thwey cant thermregulate themselves, blanket or litter mate
specific considerations - clean and feed them every 2 hours feed them appropriate diets
Care of geriatric patients
Physiological differences could have arthritis cant move quickly.
specific considerations - making sure their diet is correct, do some light walking just to help with movemennts
4 HYPOS
Hypothermia
hypoglycaemia
hypoxia
hypovolemia
Birds vital signs how easy is this to gather information
Normal RR AND HR is too high and too hard to count, will know when they are really sick if you can count it
Difficulties encountered when nursing birds
Fragile and prone to stress, handling with a towelor blanket and be careful not to hold to tight tonot squash diaphragm.
Crystalloids vs colloids
Crystalloids contain large molecules that dont pass through semi permeable membranes
colloids contains small molecules that can pass through semi permeable membranes
what is hyper hypo and isotonic fluids
isotonic is same osmotic pressure to body fluid’
hypo is less osmotic pressure to blody fluid
hyper is more hgher osmotic pressure to body fluid
Whats the effect on the cells
isotonic helps keep the cell at the exact same level
hypotonic solutions push fluid into the cell
hypertonic solutions icrease blood volume pushes fluid out only used in emergencies
Blood products
Whole blood
packed rfed blood cells
plasma
methods of fluid administration
Oral subcutaneous intravenous intraperitoneal intraosseous
Fluid compartments within the body
60% bodyweight
40
20
Fluid compartments within the body
60% bodyweight 40 extracellular 20intracellular insterstitual plasma
Normal fluid loss amount
50mls/kg/day
Hydration status
skin tent
check crt and mm
Pharmacology vs pharmokinetics vs pharmodynamics
study of drugs
motion of drugs
action of drugs
routes of administration
IV, PO, SC, IO, IM, INTRADERMAL, TOPICAL, INTRADERMAL
Sedatives vs GA vs local
Sedatives produce mild depression
GA - produces unconciousness,
Local - blocks pain at the site of administration
Analgesic
[Pain relief
Anti-infective
prevents or treats infection
emetics/anti emetics
emetic stimulates V+
Anti emetics preventsV+
Drug classifications
Class B - Morphine, fentanyl
Class C - Codeine, ketamine, midazolom
GIT
Has components in it to help the GI Tract to work properly and not to flush things out immediately
Obesity
Tricks rhe brain into thinking the stomach is full
mobility
to support animals with arthritis
Urinary
Formulated to dissolve bladder stones and help them from coming back
Renal
Helps kidneys filter toxins
Hypoallergenic
formulated to reduce food intolerances showing us either skin or digestive symptoms
Dental
for animals that have dental cincerns
what must be on a dispensing label
Patients name, clients name vets name date of dispensing clinic information of where it was dispensed' warnings - keep out of reach of children animal treatment only, WHP if any product name quantity of dispensing directions and instructions
Urine Terminolgy
Haemuturia - presence of blood Polyuria - increased urination oliguria- less urination Anuria - no urination Stranguria- painful passing dysuria- difficult to urinate
