Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Assessing hydration

A

<5% no abnormalities, not detachable
mild 5-6%- skin turgor inelasticity mildly reduced
moderate 7-8% skin elasticity reduced, crt2-3 sec mucous membranse dry and sticky.
severe 10-12% skin elasticity completley lost CRT >3secs mm very dry.

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2
Q

signs of over infusion

A

mm/crt dark pink,
demeanour- spacey, confused drowsy, near death
pcv- low RBCs increased seru and plasma
HR/Pulse- bounding pulses HR increased sound unclear

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3
Q

vitals and perimeter

A

TEMP DOG 38.3-39.2 CATS 38.2-38.6
HR 70-140 100-200
RR 10-30 20-30
CRT <2SECS
MM pink
urine 20ml/kg/day
fluid

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4
Q

fluid therapy is required

A

to maintain homestasis

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5
Q

three different types of fluid

A

Maintenance fluids
deficit or replacement fluids
on-going losses

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6
Q

Blood products

A

Whole Bloods
ACD acid citrate dextrose
APD citrate phosphate dextrose

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7
Q

Name controlled drugs used at wintec

A

Morphine,ketamine, phentobarb, temgesic

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8
Q

difference between loading dose and maintenance dose

A

loading dose is given to acheive therapeutic range more rapidly
maintenance dose: keeps the drug in therapeutic range,

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9
Q

correctly identify the 6RS

A
Right route
right drug
right patient
right records 
right time
right dose
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10
Q

What does RVM stand for

A

Restricted Veterinary Medicine

must be issued with vets instruction

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11
Q

why are some drugs controlled

A

drugs that pose a moderate to high risk of harm

substance abuse if not controlled

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12
Q

What does VOI stand for and what does this mean in vet clinics

A

verterinary opersting instructions

instructions from a vet to a non vet nurse to hold restricted vet medicines in anticipation of their use

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13
Q

what WHP

A

with holding period

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14
Q

what does SOAP mean

A

Subjective- behaviour , demeanour, posture attitude
objective- assessment/ examination and obswervations surgical sites
action - list of possible treatment plans to aid in investigation of the case
plan- plan a list of instructions of what is tio be carried out

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15
Q

fluid in vs fluid out

A

measure how much water we give them
measure how much wet food was given and how much was ingested
measure how much fluid we give them IV- fluid calculations are meant to be correct and should be recorded
Fluid out
normal losses urine, faeces, sweat respiration
additonal - vomiting diarrhoea haemorrhage and burns etc

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16
Q

Faecal scoring

A

1-7

1 being very hard and 7 being watery like a puddle

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17
Q

Vomiting vs regurgitating

A

V+ is bringing up digested food

regurging is bringing up undigested food

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18
Q

feeding fussy patients and stimulating appettes

A

smelly food, warming up food befrehand, owner coming into feed it, syringe feeding getting them to lick the syringe can encourage eating

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19
Q

housing animals

A

Depends on the size of the animal

cats in appropriate size cages where they can still move around and stretch bigger dogs would need larger kennels

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20
Q

General nursing care

A

Grooming, owner visits time out of the cage toileting, tending to the animals

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21
Q

Care of neonatal patients

A

physiological differences- keeping them warm as thwey cant thermregulate themselves, blanket or litter mate
specific considerations - clean and feed them every 2 hours feed them appropriate diets

22
Q

Care of geriatric patients

A

Physiological differences could have arthritis cant move quickly.
specific considerations - making sure their diet is correct, do some light walking just to help with movemennts

23
Q

4 HYPOS

A

Hypothermia
hypoglycaemia
hypoxia
hypovolemia

24
Q

Birds vital signs how easy is this to gather information

A

Normal RR AND HR is too high and too hard to count, will know when they are really sick if you can count it

25
Difficulties encountered when nursing birds
Fragile and prone to stress, handling with a towelor blanket and be careful not to hold to tight tonot squash diaphragm.
26
Crystalloids vs colloids
Crystalloids contain large molecules that dont pass through semi permeable membranes colloids contains small molecules that can pass through semi permeable membranes
27
what is hyper hypo and isotonic fluids
isotonic is same osmotic pressure to body fluid' hypo is less osmotic pressure to blody fluid hyper is more hgher osmotic pressure to body fluid
28
Whats the effect on the cells
isotonic helps keep the cell at the exact same level hypotonic solutions push fluid into the cell hypertonic solutions icrease blood volume pushes fluid out only used in emergencies
29
Blood products
Whole blood packed rfed blood cells plasma
30
methods of fluid administration
``` Oral subcutaneous intravenous intraperitoneal intraosseous ```
31
Fluid compartments within the body
60% bodyweight 40 20
32
Fluid compartments within the body
``` 60% bodyweight 40 extracellular 20intracellular insterstitual plasma ```
33
Normal fluid loss amount
50mls/kg/day
34
Hydration status
skin tent | check crt and mm
35
Pharmacology vs pharmokinetics vs pharmodynamics
study of drugs motion of drugs action of drugs
36
routes of administration
IV, PO, SC, IO, IM, INTRADERMAL, TOPICAL, INTRADERMAL
37
Sedatives vs GA vs local
Sedatives produce mild depression GA - produces unconciousness, Local - blocks pain at the site of administration
38
Analgesic
[Pain relief
39
Anti-infective
prevents or treats infection
40
emetics/anti emetics
emetic stimulates V+ | Anti emetics preventsV+
41
Drug classifications
Class B - Morphine, fentanyl | Class C - Codeine, ketamine, midazolom
42
GIT
Has components in it to help the GI Tract to work properly and not to flush things out immediately
43
Obesity
Tricks rhe brain into thinking the stomach is full
44
mobility
to support animals with arthritis
45
Urinary
Formulated to dissolve bladder stones and help them from coming back
46
Renal
Helps kidneys filter toxins
47
Hypoallergenic
formulated to reduce food intolerances showing us either skin or digestive symptoms
48
Dental
for animals that have dental cincerns
49
what must be on a dispensing label
``` Patients name, clients name vets name date of dispensing clinic information of where it was dispensed' warnings - keep out of reach of children animal treatment only, WHP if any product name quantity of dispensing directions and instructions ```
50
Urine Terminolgy
``` Haemuturia - presence of blood Polyuria - increased urination oliguria- less urination Anuria - no urination Stranguria- painful passing dysuria- difficult to urinate ```