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Pharmacology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Assessing hydration

A

<5% no abnormalities, not detachable
mild 5-6%- skin turgor inelasticity mildly reduced
moderate 7-8% skin elasticity reduced, crt2-3 sec mucous membranse dry and sticky.
severe 10-12% skin elasticity completley lost CRT >3secs mm very dry.

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2
Q

signs of over infusion

A

mm/crt dark pink,
demeanour- spacey, confused drowsy, near death
pcv- low RBCs increased seru and plasma
HR/Pulse- bounding pulses HR increased sound unclear

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3
Q

vitals and perimeter

A

TEMP DOG 38.3-39.2 CATS 38.2-38.6
HR 70-140 100-200
RR 10-30 20-30
CRT <2SECS
MM pink
urine 20ml/kg/day
fluid

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4
Q

fluid therapy is required

A

to maintain homestasis

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5
Q

three different types of fluid

A

Maintenance fluids
deficit or replacement fluids
on-going losses

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6
Q

Blood products

A

Whole Bloods
ACD acid citrate dextrose
APD citrate phosphate dextrose

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7
Q

Name controlled drugs used at wintec

A

Morphine,ketamine, phentobarb, temgesic

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8
Q

difference between loading dose and maintenance dose

A

loading dose is given to acheive therapeutic range more rapidly
maintenance dose: keeps the drug in therapeutic range,

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9
Q

correctly identify the 6RS

A 
Right route
right drug
right patient
right records 
right time
right dose
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10
Q

What does RVM stand for

A

Restricted Veterinary Medicine

must be issued with vets instruction

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11
Q

why are some drugs controlled

A

drugs that pose a moderate to high risk of harm

substance abuse if not controlled

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12
Q

What does VOI stand for and what does this mean in vet clinics

A

verterinary opersting instructions

instructions from a vet to a non vet nurse to hold restricted vet medicines in anticipation of their use

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13
Q

what WHP

A

with holding period

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14
Q

what does SOAP mean

A

Subjective- behaviour , demeanour, posture attitude
objective- assessment/ examination and obswervations surgical sites
action - list of possible treatment plans to aid in investigation of the case
plan- plan a list of instructions of what is tio be carried out

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15
Q

fluid in vs fluid out

A

measure how much water we give them
measure how much wet food was given and how much was ingested
measure how much fluid we give them IV- fluid calculations are meant to be correct and should be recorded
Fluid out
normal losses urine, faeces, sweat respiration
additonal - vomiting diarrhoea haemorrhage and burns etc

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16
Q

Faecal scoring

A

1-7

1 being very hard and 7 being watery like a puddle

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17
Q

Vomiting vs regurgitating

A

V+ is bringing up digested food

regurging is bringing up undigested food

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18
Q

feeding fussy patients and stimulating appettes

A

smelly food, warming up food befrehand, owner coming into feed it, syringe feeding getting them to lick the syringe can encourage eating

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19
Q

housing animals

A

Depends on the size of the animal

cats in appropriate size cages where they can still move around and stretch bigger dogs would need larger kennels

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20
Q

General nursing care

A

Grooming, owner visits time out of the cage toileting, tending to the animals

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21
Q

Care of neonatal patients

A

physiological differences- keeping them warm as thwey cant thermregulate themselves, blanket or litter mate
specific considerations - clean and feed them every 2 hours feed them appropriate diets

22
Q

Care of geriatric patients

A

Physiological differences could have arthritis cant move quickly.
specific considerations - making sure their diet is correct, do some light walking just to help with movemennts

23
Q

4 HYPOS

A

Hypothermia
hypoglycaemia
hypoxia
hypovolemia

24
Q

Birds vital signs how easy is this to gather information

A

Normal RR AND HR is too high and too hard to count, will know when they are really sick if you can count it

25
Q

Difficulties encountered when nursing birds

A

Fragile and prone to stress, handling with a towelor blanket and be careful not to hold to tight tonot squash diaphragm.

26
Q

Crystalloids vs colloids

A

Crystalloids contain large molecules that dont pass through semi permeable membranes
colloids contains small molecules that can pass through semi permeable membranes

27
Q

what is hyper hypo and isotonic fluids

A

isotonic is same osmotic pressure to body fluid’
hypo is less osmotic pressure to blody fluid
hyper is more hgher osmotic pressure to body fluid

28
Q

Whats the effect on the cells

A

isotonic helps keep the cell at the exact same level
hypotonic solutions push fluid into the cell
hypertonic solutions icrease blood volume pushes fluid out only used in emergencies

29
Q

Blood products

A

Whole blood
packed rfed blood cells
plasma

30
Q

methods of fluid administration

A 
Oral
subcutaneous
intravenous
intraperitoneal
intraosseous
31
Q

Fluid compartments within the body

A

60% bodyweight
40
20

32
Q

Fluid compartments within the body

A 
60% bodyweight
40 extracellular
20intracellular
insterstitual 
plasma
33
Q

Normal fluid loss amount

A

50mls/kg/day

34
Q

Hydration status

A

skin tent

check crt and mm

35
Q

Pharmacology vs pharmokinetics vs pharmodynamics

A

study of drugs
motion of drugs
action of drugs

36
Q

routes of administration

A

IV, PO, SC, IO, IM, INTRADERMAL, TOPICAL, INTRADERMAL

37
Q

Sedatives vs GA vs local

A

Sedatives produce mild depression
GA - produces unconciousness,
Local - blocks pain at the site of administration

38
Q

Analgesic

A

[Pain relief

39
Q

Anti-infective

A

prevents or treats infection

40
Q

emetics/anti emetics

A

emetic stimulates V+

Anti emetics preventsV+

41
Q

Drug classifications

A

Class B - Morphine, fentanyl

Class C - Codeine, ketamine, midazolom

42
Q

GIT

A

Has components in it to help the GI Tract to work properly and not to flush things out immediately

43
Q

Obesity

A

Tricks rhe brain into thinking the stomach is full

44
Q

mobility

A

to support animals with arthritis

45
Q

Urinary

A

Formulated to dissolve bladder stones and help them from coming back

46
Q

Renal

A

Helps kidneys filter toxins

47
Q

Hypoallergenic

A

formulated to reduce food intolerances showing us either skin or digestive symptoms

48
Q

Dental

A

for animals that have dental cincerns

49
Q

what must be on a dispensing label

A 
Patients name, clients name
vets name
date of dispensing 
clinic information of where it was dispensed'
warnings - keep out of reach of children animal treatment only, WHP if any 
product name
quantity of dispensing 
directions and instructions
50
Q

Urine Terminolgy

A 
Haemuturia - presence of blood
Polyuria - increased urination
oliguria- less urination
Anuria - no urination
Stranguria- painful passing
dysuria- difficult to urinate

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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