Pharmacology Flashcards
What drug class works to block the synthesis of prostaglandins?
- NSAIDs
What drug class works by targeting ion channels in nerve damage?
- anti-eplieptics
What are some examples of rung 3 opioids?
- morphine
- heroin
- oxycodone
What is an opioid
- any substance that acts upon opioid receptors
What are the regions of the brainstem involved in descending control of pain?
- periaqueductal grey
- locus ceruleus
- nucleus raphe
What noicepetor type is involved in acute pain?
- type II Adelta
Explain descending control of pain
- electrical stimulation or opioids act on the periaqueductal grey (PAG)
- Then act on the locus ceruleus and nucleus raphe
- release of serotonin and enkephalins
What are the 3 types of endogenous opioids
- endorphins
- dynorphins
- enkephalins
What is the most number opioid receptor?
- u = highly concentrated in the brain
How do opioids work
- inhibiting voltage gated ca2+ channels
- opening k+ channels
Adverse effects of opioids?
- apnea
- orthostatic hypotension
- nausea
- vomiting
Where is morphine metabolised?
- in the liver
Name an opioid antagonist?
- naloxone
How do NSAIDs work?
- inhibiting syntehsis of cox 1 and 2
Name a non selective NSAID
- ibrupofen
- aspirin
Treatment of neuropathic pain?
- gabapentin and pregablin
- reduce cell surface Ca2+ change;s
How does amitriptyline work?
- decreases uptake of noradrenaline
What drug is used for trigeminal neuralgia?
- carbamazepine
- a drug used in focal epilepsy
Is paracetamol a NSAID
- no
- as it doesn’t reduce inflammation
effect of a facilitatory perception descending pathway
- enhances pain perception
