pharmacokinetics part 3 Flashcards
What are the major pathways for drug excretion?
intestines, liver, kidneys
Where can drugs that have been filtered through the glomerulus be reabsorbed back into the systemic circulation
renal distal tubule
By what system can drugs excreted in the bile be reabsorbed back into the systemic circulation?
enterohepatic recycling
changes in urine pH may result in
Ion trapping
What are prodrugs?
a inactive or weakly active substance that has an active metabolite. Could deliver the active form more effectively
how are drugs metabolized differently in older adults?
they are metabolized much slower
what are examples of prodrugs?
codeine, enalapril, and levodopa
what is the first pass effect?
occurs in the liver before a drug reaches systemic circulation. It degrades drugs and makes them less effective before entering the systemic system.
which drug is eliminated by zero order kinetics?
ethanol
how can nicotine affect CYP 450
it can increase metabolization of drugs by 3x as much and nicotine users may need higher doses
what are the three groups phase 1 reaction is classified as?
oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis
what kinds of drugs are bio transformed by phase II process?
thyroid and steroid hormones
