application of pharm part 4 Flashcards
What are the three names a drug may have?
Chemical name, nonpropriety generic name, and brand name
where are majority of drugs excreted?
kidneys
why is pulmonary excretion important
anesthetic gases, vapors, and alcohol can be excreted through lungs
what is renal clearance a measure of?
the volume of plasma completely cleared of a specific compound per unit
what is renal clearance a sum of?
glomerular filtration + proximal tubule secretion + distal tubule filtration
what is a normal GFR?
110-130ml/min or 180 L a day
why would you want to make the pH more alkaline during a drug over dose?
pentobarbital is a week acid and sodium bicarb can neutralize it in cases of overdose
what is enterohepatic circulation?
a portion of drug that is reabsorbed by the liver and secreted back into bile again. It can extend the duration action of the drug
how do antibiotics affect enterohepatic recycling?
they destroy gut bacteria that liberates the conjugated drug and the drug is excreted more rapidly
what factors affect excretion?
perfusion to the liver and kidneys, hepatic and renal disease, age, drug interactions, and pH
what are the major important pathways for drug excretion?
liver, intestines, kidneys
where can drugs that have been filtered through the glomerulus be reabsorbed back into systemic circulation?
renal distal tubule
by what system can drugs be excreted in the bile be reabsorbed back into systemic circulation?
enterohepatic recycling
changes in urine pH may result in what?
Ion trapping
