pharmacokinetics MT1

Question 1

this is the branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement of drugs within the body/what the body does to the drug

Answer 1

pharmacokinetics

Question 1

what are the factors that determine blood concentration of a drug?

Answer 1

• size of administered dose
• extent of absorption
• rate of absorption
• extent od drug distribution
• extent of elimination
• rate of elimination

Question 2

this is how much of a drug gets absorbed

Answer 2

extent of absorption

Question 3

what determines the extent of absorption of a drug

Answer 3

formulation

Question 4

this is how quickly a drug gets absorbed

Answer 4

rate of absorption

Question 5

what determines the rate of absorption

Answer 5

route

Question 6

this is how well a drug spreads and goes into organs

Answer 6

extent of drug distribution

Question 7

what determines the extent of drug distribution

Answer 7

depends partly on volume/site of distrbution

Question 8

this is how much and how well a drug can leave the body

Answer 8

extent of elimination

Question 9

this is how quickly the drug can leave the body

Answer 9

rate of elimination

Question 10

the manner in which a drug is taken is called a __________. this depends on the therapeutic objectives (e.g. cure, prevention, etc.)

Answer 10

dosage regimen

Question 11

Managing a proper dosing regimen to treatment of patients with various diseases requires the maintenance of enough drug systematic exposure which in an effective range to have a certain duration and intensity of effect, but doesn’t give adverse effects. It is necessary to keep the dosage regimen within the _______________

Answer 11

therapeutic window

Question 12

this is a model used in determining drug movement in the body; its the simplest way to view the entry, disposition, and exit of the drug from the body where the body acts like a single, uniform compartment

Answer 12

single compartment open model

Question 13

the rate of change in concentration over time (dC/dt) in the body (reservoir) in a one compartment open model is dependant on these two factors

Answer 13

• how much drug there is in the body (reservoir)
• how well the drug is eliminated

Question 14

how much drug there is in the body/reservoir depends on what two factors

Answer 14

• the size of the reservoir for the drug
• the dose given

Question 15

how well the drug is eliminated depends on what two factors

Answer 15

• rate of elimination
• capacity of the elimination organs to remove the drug

Question 16

What are the two types of elimination processes?

Answer 16

Zero Order elimination/kinetics and First order elimination/kinetics

Question 17

this elimination process is the mass of the drug that is eliminated/transferred is constant with respect to time

Answer 17

zero order kinetics

Question 18

this elimination process is the mass of the drug that is eliminated/transferred is never constant with reprint to time

Answer 18

first order kinetics

Question 19

for a zero order process, drug transfer is at a constant rate, ______________ of the plasma concentration

Answer 19

independant

Question 20

for frist order process, the rate of drug transfer is not constant and is _________ of the plasma concentration

Answer 20

dependant - the more drug the faster its eliminated

Question 21

for first order kinetics, the rate of change of concentration with respect to time depends on what two factors

Answer 21

• how much drug there is initially
• the elimination capacity

Question 22

zero or first order kinetics?
the number of enzymes/receptors is higher than the amount of drug

Answer 22

first order kinetics

Question 23

zero or first order kinetics?
accumulation of drug in the body leads to toxicity

Answer 23

zero order kinetics

Question 24

zero or first order kinetics?
there are limited number of enzymes/receptors for the amount of drug

Answer 24

zero order kinetics

Question 25

zero or first order kinetics?
the rate of transfer does not depend on how much drug is available

Answer 25

zero order kinetics

Question 26

zero or first order kinetics?
rate of transfer does depend on how much of the drug is available

Answer 26

first order kinetics

Question 27

we can predict the rate of decline of drugs following first order kinetics using __________

Answer 27

half life

Question 28

________ is constant for a particular drug following first order kinetics
- this helps to predict the length of time it takes for a drug to leave the body
- it also helps to determine how long its takes to reach a steady state drug levels in the body after multiple dosing

Answer 28

terminal half-life

Question 29

what is the equation for half life for first order kinetics

Answer 29

t(1/2) = 0.693 Vd/Cl

Question 30

is half life directly or inversely proportional to Clearance

Answer 30

inversely

Question 31

is half life directly or inversely proportional to volume distribution

Answer 31

directly