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Pharmacology 1 > Pharmacokinetics and Routes of Administration ATI CH 46 > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics and Routes of Administration ATI CH 46 Flashcards

ATI CH 46

1
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics

definition

A

refers to how medications TRAVEL through the body.
Absorbtion
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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2
Q

Definition of Absorbtion

A

the transmission of medications from location of administration to bloodstream

ADMINISTRATION

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3
Q

The rate of medication absorbtion determines

Absorbtion

A

how soon the medication takes place

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4
Q

The amount of medication the body absorbs determines… the medications ______

Absorbtion

A

the medications intensity

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5
Q

the route of administration effects

Absorbtion

A

the rate and amount of absorbtion

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6
Q

Oral route administration
Barrier to absorbtion:

Absorbtion

A

Meds must pass through layers of epithelial cells that line the GI tract

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7
Q

Subcutaineous or Intramuscular Route of Administration
Barriers to Absorbtion:

Absorbtion

A

The capilarry walls have large spaces between cells. no significant barrier

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8
Q

Oral route of Administration
Absorbtion Patterns:

Absorbtion

A
  • Soulibility and stability of medication
  • presence of food in the intestines
  • other medications
  • GI PH and emptying time
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9
Q

Subcutaineous or Intramuscular Route Administration
Absorbtion Pattern:

Absorbtion

A

Blood Quantity @ site of Amdin
Soulibility of Medication

High Souliablity : 10-30 minitues
Low Soulability: Slower time
High blood perfusion: Rapid asorbtion
Low blood Perfusion: slow absorbtion

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10
Q

Intravenous Route of Amdin
Barriers/Absorbtion patterns

Absorbtion

A

No Barriers
instant absorbtion to blood stream

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11
Q

Definition of Distribution

A

the transporation of medication using bodily fluids to a new loaction (the sites of action)

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11
Q

Factors that inhibit Distribution

A

Circulation
Permeability of call membrane
Plasma protien binding

  • Circulation: Peripheral Vascular (Cardiac Disease) are issues that hurt blood profusion
  • Permeability: meds must be able to pass through the membrane
  • Plasma Binding protien (albium) is water soulble and can move through the blood stream
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12
Q

Define Metabolism (Biotransformation)

A

the process of chemically altering a drug so that it can be more easily excreted from the body

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13
Q

Where Does metabolism occour (5 places)

A
  1. Liver
  2. Kidneys
  3. Lungs
  4. Intestines
  5. Blood
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14
Q

Factors that would influence Metabolism rate:

A
  • Age
  • Nutrituional Status
  • Drug Interactions
  • other drgus being present
  • organ function

Age: infants and older adults have a hard time metabolizing medication
Nutritional Status: Malnurished clients will have a harder time processing meds

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15
Q

Definition of Excretion

A

how the body removes the drugs (elimination)

16
Q

where does excretion occour?

A

mainly the kidneys
lungs
breast milk
liver
intestines

17
Q

Pharmacodynamics Agonist Definition

A

A medication that binds to a receptor and activates the normal activity

18
Q

Pharmacodynamics Antagonist Definition

A

a medication that binds to a receptor and causes adverse effects of that receptor

19
Q

Oral Med Administration
Nursing actions

A
  • Sit client up @ 90* angle
  • admin with small amounts of food if the medication upsets the stomach
  • avoid admin with interacting foods that will upset stomach
  • break or cut scored tablets only
  • enteric-coated and time release meds are to be swallowed whole
  • use liquid form when having problems wiht swallowing
20
Q

Client Education of Sublingual and Buccal Administration

A
  • Keep medicine in place until disolved
  • Do not eat or drink until disolved
21
Q

Nursing Actions of Topical Medication

A
  • use gloves
  • wash skin and area where being applied
22
Q

transdermal Client Education

A
  • Wash Skin and apply patches to perscribed area
  • place patch on hairless area
23
Q

Eye medication Nurisng Actions

A
  • have clients sit upright or in supine
  • drop medication in cunjuctiva sac
  • for ointment, apply to lower eyelid (a thin ribbon)
24
Q

Ear Medication Nursing Actions

A
  • use warm drops
  • client sit upright or on side
  • up and out for adult
  • down and back for children
  • Do NOT place cotton ball in inner canal
  • have clients lay on side for 2-3 minutes
25
Q

Nasal Medication Nursing Actions

A
  • client in supine position
  • use dominant hand for administration
  • have client blow through nose
  • spray while client inhales
26
Q

Nasal Medication Nursing Actions (Metered-Dose Inhaler/ MDI)

A
  • remove cap and shake vigorously
  • press inhaler and hold breath for 10seconds
27
Q

What is an inhaler spacer

MDI

A
  • keeps medication in the device longer and increases the amount of medication delivered to the lungs instead of the oropharynx
28
Q

Nasal Medication Nursing Actions (Dry-Powder Inhaler /DPI)

A
  • DO NOT shake
  • adminsiter and hold breath for 5-10 seconds
  • rinse mouth with water and brush teeth
29
Q

NG Tubes Medication Administration Nursing Actions

pg 266

A
30
Q

Oral Med Advantages

A
  • Safe
  • Inexpensive
  • Easy and Convienient
31
Q

Subq and Intramuscular Med Advantages

A
  • Used for improper soulable meds
  • used for slow absorbtion meds
32
Q

INtravenous Med Advantages

A
  • Rapid absorbtion
  • complete control over admin amount
  • allows for large volumes of fluids
33
Q

Intradermal Med Amdin Facts

A
  • 10-15* angle
  • thin skin and hairless sites
  • bevel up looking for BLEB
  • 1mL syringe
  • 26-27 gauge
34
Q

SubQ Med Amdin Facts

A
  • Insulin
  • 28-30 gauge
  • look for sites with adequate fat pads (lower stomach, bakc of arm, thighs)
  • 45-90*
35
Q

Intravenous Med Admin Facts

A

16guage: trauma clients
18guage: during surgery or blood transfusion
22-24 Guage: children or older adults

36
Q

Intramuscular Med Admin facts

A
  • Vastus lateralis for infants
  • IM is used for up to 3mL
  • Deltoid can hold 1-2mL injection
  • 22-25guage
  • Z-trak method

Pharmacology 1 (3 decks)

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