Pharmacokinetics and Routes of Administration ATI CH 46 Flashcards
ATI CH 46
What is Pharmacokinetics
definition
refers to how medications TRAVEL through the body.
Absorbtion
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Definition of Absorbtion
the transmission of medications from location of administration to bloodstream
ADMINISTRATION
The rate of medication absorbtion determines
Absorbtion
how soon the medication takes place
The amount of medication the body absorbs determines… the medications ______
Absorbtion
the medications intensity
the route of administration effects
Absorbtion
the rate and amount of absorbtion
Oral route administration
Barrier to absorbtion:
Absorbtion
Meds must pass through layers of epithelial cells that line the GI tract
Subcutaineous or Intramuscular Route of Administration
Barriers to Absorbtion:
Absorbtion
The capilarry walls have large spaces between cells. no significant barrier
Oral route of Administration
Absorbtion Patterns:
Absorbtion
- Soulibility and stability of medication
- presence of food in the intestines
- other medications
- GI PH and emptying time
Subcutaineous or Intramuscular Route Administration
Absorbtion Pattern:
Absorbtion
Blood Quantity @ site of Amdin
Soulibility of Medication
High Souliablity : 10-30 minitues
Low Soulability: Slower time
High blood perfusion: Rapid asorbtion
Low blood Perfusion: slow absorbtion
Intravenous Route of Amdin
Barriers/Absorbtion patterns
Absorbtion
No Barriers
instant absorbtion to blood stream
Definition of Distribution
the transporation of medication using bodily fluids to a new loaction (the sites of action)
Factors that inhibit Distribution
Circulation
Permeability of call membrane
Plasma protien binding
- Circulation: Peripheral Vascular (Cardiac Disease) are issues that hurt blood profusion
- Permeability: meds must be able to pass through the membrane
- Plasma Binding protien (albium) is water soulble and can move through the blood stream
Define Metabolism (Biotransformation)
the process of chemically altering a drug so that it can be more easily excreted from the body
Where Does metabolism occour (5 places)
- Liver
- Kidneys
- Lungs
- Intestines
- Blood
Factors that would influence Metabolism rate:
- Age
- Nutrituional Status
- Drug Interactions
- other drgus being present
- organ function
Age: infants and older adults have a hard time metabolizing medication
Nutritional Status: Malnurished clients will have a harder time processing meds
Definition of Excretion
how the body removes the drugs (elimination)
where does excretion occour?
mainly the kidneys
lungs
breast milk
liver
intestines
Pharmacodynamics Agonist Definition
A medication that binds to a receptor and activates the normal activity
Pharmacodynamics Antagonist Definition
a medication that binds to a receptor and causes adverse effects of that receptor
Oral Med Administration
Nursing actions
- Sit client up @ 90* angle
- admin with small amounts of food if the medication upsets the stomach
- avoid admin with interacting foods that will upset stomach
- break or cut scored tablets only
- enteric-coated and time release meds are to be swallowed whole
- use liquid form when having problems wiht swallowing
Client Education of Sublingual and Buccal Administration
- Keep medicine in place until disolved
- Do not eat or drink until disolved
Nursing Actions of Topical Medication
- use gloves
- wash skin and area where being applied
transdermal Client Education
- Wash Skin and apply patches to perscribed area
- place patch on hairless area
Eye medication Nurisng Actions
- have clients sit upright or in supine
- drop medication in cunjuctiva sac
- for ointment, apply to lower eyelid (a thin ribbon)
Ear Medication Nursing Actions
- use warm drops
- client sit upright or on side
- up and out for adult
- down and back for children
- Do NOT place cotton ball in inner canal
- have clients lay on side for 2-3 minutes
Nasal Medication Nursing Actions
- client in supine position
- use dominant hand for administration
- have client blow through nose
- spray while client inhales
Nasal Medication Nursing Actions (Metered-Dose Inhaler/ MDI)
- remove cap and shake vigorously
- press inhaler and hold breath for 10seconds
What is an inhaler spacer
MDI
- keeps medication in the device longer and increases the amount of medication delivered to the lungs instead of the oropharynx
Nasal Medication Nursing Actions (Dry-Powder Inhaler /DPI)
- DO NOT shake
- adminsiter and hold breath for 5-10 seconds
- rinse mouth with water and brush teeth
NG Tubes Medication Administration Nursing Actions
pg 266
Oral Med Advantages
- Safe
- Inexpensive
- Easy and Convienient
Subq and Intramuscular Med Advantages
- Used for improper soulable meds
- used for slow absorbtion meds
INtravenous Med Advantages
- Rapid absorbtion
- complete control over admin amount
- allows for large volumes of fluids
Intradermal Med Amdin Facts
- 10-15* angle
- thin skin and hairless sites
- bevel up looking for BLEB
- 1mL syringe
- 26-27 gauge
SubQ Med Amdin Facts
- Insulin
- 28-30 gauge
- look for sites with adequate fat pads (lower stomach, bakc of arm, thighs)
- 45-90*
Intravenous Med Admin Facts
16guage: trauma clients
18guage: during surgery or blood transfusion
22-24 Guage: children or older adults
Intramuscular Med Admin facts
- Vastus lateralis for infants
- IM is used for up to 3mL
- Deltoid can hold 1-2mL injection
- 22-25guage
- Z-trak method
