Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacokinetcs

A

how the body interacts with a drug

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2
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

effect of the drug on the body

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3
Q

total body clearance

A

volume of blood cleared of patent drug per unit time

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4
Q

bioavailability

A

fraction of administered dose that reaches the plasma

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5
Q

compartment modesl

A

one compartment - spreads evenly through body

two compartment - vessel rich group first then distributed around rest of body

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6
Q

drug receptor types

A

ion channel cell surface transmembrane receptor
ligand regulated
g protein coupled
protein synthesis regulating

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7
Q

loading dose

A

initial higher dose at beginning of course of treatment before dropping to maintenance dose

useful for drugs that are eliminated from body slowly

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8
Q

constant rate infusion (CRI)

A

constant administration through IV drip

easier to keep within therapeutic range

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9
Q

intermittent dosing

A

spikes so more likely to over or under dose

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10
Q

affinity

A

tendency of a drug to bind to a receptor

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11
Q

efficacy

A

tendency of drug to activate a receptor once bound

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12
Q

agonist

A

response every time drug interacts with its target

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13
Q

partial agonist

A

activates receptor but not every time

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14
Q

antagonists

A

bind to receptor and block action

competitive - compete with agonists for binding site - higher concentration needed for same effect

non-competitive - binding at different receptor changing shape or block events by binding downstream - needs higher concentration but won’t reach same effect

irreversible - antagonist doesn’t detach from receptor (covalent bonds) - can’t be overcome by adding more agonist

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15
Q

inverse agonist

A

drug reduces activation of a receptor

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16
Q

EC50

A

effective concentration, does needed for 50% of maximal effect

17
Q

ED50

A

effective dose, dose for 50% of population to get therapeutic effect

18
Q

therapeutic index

A

toxic dose/effective dose

larger = safer

19
Q

tachyphylaxis

A

reduction in drug tolerance after repeated dosage

20
Q

self antagonism

A

becomes antagonistic to its own effects

21
Q

reasons for loss of target sensitivity

A

change in receptors
loss of receptors
exhaustion of mediators
physiological adaption - crosstalk between body systems
drug transporters -remove drug from receptor sites

22
Q

drug-drug interactions

A

varying outcomes -
enhance action of one or more drugs
development of new effects
inhibitory effects
no change