Antimicrobials Flashcards
Antifungal classes
polyenes - amphotericin, b nystatin
break down fungal cell membranes by interacting with sterols
antibiotuc - grisofulvin
inhibit mitosis
azoles - flucanazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole
inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis
Allysines - terbinafine
inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis
thiocarbamate - tolnafate
inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis
antimetabolites - flucytosine
inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
Profens - fluriprofen, ibuprofen
damage to fungal cytoplasmic membrane
ringworm (dermatophytosis)
zoonotic
young animals more susceptible
spores live in environment for yeats
ketanazole in dogs
intraconazole in cats
treat unaffected animals too
bovillis ringvac vaccination available for cattle
aspergillus
commensal
birds - pulmonary
cows - mycotic abortion
horses - guttural pouch mycosis
dogs - nasal and paranasal tissues
diagnosis - imaging - radiograph of nasal cavities, CT or rhinoscopy
looking for fungal plaques
systemic disease diagnosis by urine culture
clotrimazole
surgical exposure and curettage in guttural ouch mycosis
other fungal pathogens
mallassezia
cryptococcus
histoplasma
coccidia
Antivirals
target viral function or cellular function the virus needs
nucleic acid polymerases
proteases
integrases
neuraminidases
virbagen omega - only licensed one in animals - FIV, parvo, feline leukemia virus - uses interferons to increase cell resistance
unlicensed - aciclovir, famciclovir
FIP
feline coronavirus –> FIP
effusive type -
60-70% of cases
accumulation of fluid in abdomen or chest
breathing difficulty
diagnosis with imaging or cytology
non-effusive type -
no fluid
lack of appeitie, fever, jaundice, diarrhoea, weight loss, ocular or neurological signs
harder to diagnose
both types fatal
can be triggered by recent stress
raised bilirubin without liver enzymes
non regenerative anemia
high fcov antibodies
treatment -
virbagen omega - limited success
prednisolone - immunosuppression
vaccination - none effectibe
vaccine types
live attenuated - weakened pathogen
inactivated - dead pathogen with adjuvant
toxoid - modified version of the pathogen
component - made up of antigens of the pathogen
mRNA
horse vaccines
equine flu
tetanus
equine herpesvirus
equine rotavirus
strangles
passport and competition guidelines
cattle
BVD
IBR
Lepto
calf enteric disease - rotavirus, coronacirus, e coli
pneumonia - IBR, PI3, BRSV, pasteurella, manheima hemolytica, histophillus somni
lungworm
clostridial disease
ringworm
mastitis
salmonella
bluetongue
pigs vaccines
porcine parvo
PRRS
ec oli
clostridia
erysipelas
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
lawsonia intracellularis
atrophic rhinitis
gasser disease
aujeszkys
salmonella typhmurium
sheep vaccines
clostridial disease - lamb dysentery, pulpy kidney, tetanus, braxy, blackleg
pasteurella
ovine abortion - toxo, enzootic abortion
louping ill
contagious pustular dermatitis
footrot
dog vaccines
core -
distemper
adenovirus/hepatitis
parvo
lepto
non-core -
kennel cough - bortedella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza
rabies
canine herpes virus - breeding bitches
leishmaniasis
lyme disease
cat vaccines
core -
feline panleukopenia - parvo
calicivirus
herpesvirus
non-core -
FeLV - core if go outside
chlamydia
rabies
bortedella bronchisptica
dog and cat vaccine dosing
primary - 2 doses 2-5 weeks apart, booster 1 year later
boosters - dependent on vaccine, yearly or per manufacturer instructions
rabbit vaccines
myxo
RVHD
