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Psychopharma > Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

study of the actions and effects of drugs

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

study of how the drug moves around the body

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3
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

study of how the drug changes the body

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4
Q

Pharmaceutics

A

study of how a drug is formulated and dispensed

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5
Q

ADME (what the body does to the drug)

A

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

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6
Q

Bioavailability

A

percentage of the amount administered that enters the circulation

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7
Q

Absorption

A

movement of the drug from its site of administration to the circulatory system

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8
Q

2 routes of drug administration

A

Enteral and parenteral

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9
Q

Enteral

A

Oral and rectal

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10
Q

Parenteral

A

Injection and non-injections

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11
Q

Non-injections

A

Inhalation, topical, transdermal, sublingual, nasal

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12
Q

Injections

A

intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraosseous, intratheceal

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13
Q

Subcutaneous

A

under the skin

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14
Q

Intraosseous

A

bone marrow

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15
Q

Intrathecal

A

spinally

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16
Q

BBB

A

helps maintain a constant environment for the brain and protects it from foreign substances or NTs from other parts of the body

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17
Q

Metabolism

A

transforming inert substances into nutrients or alter toxic chemicals so they are more easily expelled from the body

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18
Q

First pass metabolism

A

drug is immediately metabolized in liver before reaching systemic circulation

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19
Q

Enzyme

A

controls rate at which drugs are metabolized

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20
Q

Prodrugs

A

drugs that are administered in an inactive or less active form that only becomes active or more active after the drug is metabolized

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21
Q

Excretion

A

elimination of a drug from the body, either unchanged or as a metabolite

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22
Q

First order kinetics

A

eliminated at a rate proportional to the amount administered

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23
Q

Zero-order kinetics

A

drug eliminated at aconstant rate

24
Q

Passive diffusion

A

passing from an area of high concentration into an area of lower concentration

25
Q

Meninges

A

3 layers of protection for spinal cord and brain

26
Q

layers of meninges

A

dura matter, arachnoid matter, pia matter

27
Q

Dura matter

A

outermost layer, includes epidural space among surrounding vertebra bones

28
Q

arachnoid matter

A

middle later, spiderweb network of capillary blood vessels

29
Q

Pia mater

A

innermost layer, surface of spinal cord

30
Q

Orally injection

A

passes through GI tract, liver, enters centra circulation

31
Q

Body membranes that affect drug distribution

A

cell membranes, walls of capillary vessels, BBB, placental barrier

32
Q

BBB

A

maintaining brain environment to function normally, structural barrier

33
Q

2 rate factors of passage to brain

A

size of drug molecule, lipid solubility

34
Q

Routes drugs leave the body

A

kidneys, lungs, bile, skin

35
Q

Biotransformation

A

drug metabolism, in bloodstream before leaving the body

36
Q

P450 enzymes

A

enzymes required for biotransformation in liver cells, turn lipophilic drugs into water soluble compounds

37
Q

Conjugation

A

drugs combines with another molecule, typically glucuronic acid

38
Q

Enzyme induction

A

increased production of drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver

39
Q

Cross tolerance

A

tolerance of one drug results in a lessened response to another drug

40
Q

Kidney function

A

excrete most metabolic products, closely regulate levels of substances in bodily fluids

41
Q

first order elimination

A

metabolism rate is a constant fraction of the drug remaining in the body

42
Q

Steady state concentration

A

level of drug achieved in blood with repeated regular-interval dosing

43
Q

Therapeutic drug monitoring

A

threshold plasma concentration is needed at receptor site to initiate and maintain pharmacological response

44
Q

metabolic tolerance

A

more enzyme is available to metabolize a drug as a result of enzyme induction

45
Q

cellular-adaptive tolerance

A

neurons adapt to excess drug either by reducing number of receptors available or by reducing their sensitivity

46
Q

Second messenger

A

When activated, mediates response initiated when NT molecules bing to an extracellular receptor

47
Q

Isomer

A

molecules formed around carbon that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms

48
Q

Enantiomers

A

simple substances that show optical isomerism exist as two or more isomers

49
Q

Potency

A

amount of drug required to produce a given effect

50
Q

Affinity

A

measure of how tightly a drug binds to the receptor

51
Q

Variability

A

individual differences in drug-response

52
Q

Efficacy

A

ability to produce a desired effect

53
Q

Agonist

A

substance with both affinity and efficacy

54
Q

Antagonist

A

drug that attaches to receptor and blocks action

55
Q

Autoreceptors

A

neurons self-regulate their level of activity

56
Q

Heteroreceptors

A

neurons that regulate the activity of the presynaptic neuron

57
Q

Allosterism

A

interaction of a chemical or protein at one location on a protein influences the binding or function of the same or another chemical or protein

Psychopharma (9 decks)

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