Brain structures and functions Flashcards
Brain divisions
Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
Hindbrain structures
Cerebellum, brainstem
Brain stem structures
Pons and medulla oblongata
Midbrain structures
Tectum and tegmentum
Forebrain structures
Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, basal ganglia, cerebrum, limbic system, cerebral cortex, corpus callosum
Cerebellum
Balance, proprioception, fine motor movement, motor learning and memory
Brainstem
Attaches to spinal cord
Pons
axons leading from cerebellum into forebrain
Medulla oblongata
controls respiration and heart rate
Tectum
roof of the 4th ventricle
Tegmuntum
floor of the 4th ventricle
Cerebral cortex
Outermost layer on top of cerebrum
Corpus callosum
white matter tract connecting hemispheres
Cerebrum
inside skull, gray matter of brain
Thalamus
Sensory relay station
Hypothalamus
produces hormones, mater gland’s master
Pineal gland
receives information about the state of the light-dark cycle, secretes melatonin
Basal ganglia
Motor control, executive functions, emotions
Cerebrum
initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature
Limbic system
emotions and memory
Limbic system structures
Cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, septum, fornix, amygdala
Cingulate gyrus
regulates emotion and pain
Hippocampus
emotion regulation, brakes on fight or flight
Septum
sensorimotor integration to cognition
Fornix
cognition and episodic memory recall
Amygdala
processes fearful and threatening stimuli
