Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

What is pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

It is the fate of the drug within the body
What the body does to the drug

Question 2

List what the body does to the drug

Answer 2

A- Administration
A- Absorbtion
D- Distribution
M- Metabolism
E- Excretion

Question 3

Drugs are introduced into the body either by _______ or _________

Answer 3

Enterally
Parenterally

Question 4

Route of administration
Enteral is by
-
-
-

Answer 4

-Oral
-Rectal
-sublingual

Question 5

List the parenteral routes of administration

Answer 5

-Intravenous
-Intramuscular
-Subcutaneous
-Topical
- Inhalational
-Transdermal
-Intradermal
-Intrathecal/ Intraventricular

Question 6

Factors that determine route of administration

Answer 6

1) Nature of the drug
2) Site of action
3) Desired duration of effect
4) Underlying disease
5) Consciousness

Question 7

Case study

An 18-year-old known Diabetic is brought to the emergency department unconscious on account of Hypoglycemia. Which of the following routes of administration is the most desirable for her management with Dextrose Saline?
A. Intramuscular.
B. Subcutaneous.
C. Transdermal.
D. Oral.
E. Intravenous

Answer 7

Intravenous

Question 8

Case study

An 15 year old known Asthmatic was brought to the emergency department on account of acute exacerbation of his Asthma. Which of the following routes of administration is the most desirable for his management with Salbutamol.
A. Intramuscular.
B. Subcutaneous.
C. Inhalational
D. Intrathecal
E. Intravenous

Answer 8

Inhalational

Question 9

Case study

Case Study

An 5 year old boy who resides at Makoko, Lagos, presented to the Dermatology Clinic on a/c of multiple skin lesion. On examination you diagnose him with Taenia corporis (Ring-worm. Which of the following routes of administration is the most desirable for his management.
A. Oral
B. Subcutaneous.
C. Transdermal
D. Topical
E. Intravenous

Answer 9

Topical

Question 10

Define absorption

Answer 10

Absorption is the transfer of drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream

Question 11

Mechanism of drug absorption

Answer 11

Passive diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Endocytosis

Question 12

Passive transport example

Answer 12

Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated transport

Question 13

Active transport examples

Answer 13

Vescicles : Endocytosis and exocytosis
Protein pumps

Question 14

Factors affecting drug absorption

Answer 14

1) Concentration
2) PH
3) Blood flow
4) Solubility of the drug
5) Surface area of absorption site
6) Contact time at absorption site
7) presence of P-glycoprotein

Question 15

Commonest sublingual drug and use

Answer 15

Nitroglycerine
Used for myocardial infarction( heart attack)

Question 16

Commonest route of drug administration

Answer 16

Oral

Question 17

Commonest site for injection

Answer 17

Gluteal region

Question 18

How many degrees do you inject
1) Intramuscular
2) Intravenous
3) Subcutaneous
4) Intradermal

Answer 18

1) 90•
2) 15•
3) 45•
4) <5•

Question 19

Commonest parenteral route

Answer 19

Intravenous

Question 20

Order of increased absorption route is

Answer 20

Inhalational, Intravenous, Intramuscular, Sublingual, Subcutaneous, Intradermal, transdermal, rectal, oral

Question 21

Contact time meaning

Answer 21

Contact time is how fast a drug passes through the GI tract
Increased contact time= faster absorption