Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Pharmacogenomics > Flashcards

Pharmacogenomics Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is pharmacogenetics❓

2. What is pharmagenomics❓

A
  1. Study of individual gene-drug interactions
  2. Study of genomic influence on drug response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The human genome project was a research program for mapping and understanding of all the genes in human beings.

When did it begin❓

When was it completed❓

How many genes were discovered❓

A

1984
2003

20,500 genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If humans are 99.9% identical at the DNA level, what influences the differences in appearance/behavior/response to medications❓

A

The 0.1% difference is responsible about 3,000,000 specific DNA differences btwn pple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are mutations❓

What is the normal codon for:

  1. Methionine
  2. Valine
  3. Leucine
  4. Serine
  5. Proline
  6. Tyrosine
A

Changes in DNA

  1. ATG
  2. GTG
  3. CTG
  4. TCT
  5. CCT
  6. ACT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What would you observe with administration of suxamethonium to a patient deficient in serum pseudocholinesterase❓

What is the rate of prevalence of this deficiency❓

A

Prolonged respiratory paralysis

1 in 2000 caucasians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What would you observe with administration of an anti-malaria to a patient deficient in G6PD❓

What is the rate of prevalence of this deficiency❓

A

Hemolysis of RBC (anemia)

1 in 100 African American

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What enzyme is probably deficient in a pt that presents with bone marrow toxicity from administration of thiopurine/mercaptopurine❓

A

Thiopurine methyl transferase (TPMT)

  • 70% -High expression
  • 20% -Medium
  • 2% -Low
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. A deficiency in N-acetylase (NAT2) transferase will lead to a slow inactivation of which drugs❓
  2. What is the rate of prevalence of this deficiency….
    a) Caucasians
    b) Africans
A
  1. Isoniazid
    Dapsone

2.

a. 45-65%
b. 10-15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ADRs rank as the fourth leading cause of death (40,000-100,000 per year)

True or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Drugs have a patent life of about 20 years

True or false❓

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cytochrome P450 is a family of isozymes that bio transform several drugs.

How many genes code for it❓

Divided among how families❓

Which are responsible for metabolizing most clinically important drugs❓

A

57 genes

18 families

CYP 2A6
CYP 2B6

CYP 2C9
CYP 2C19

CYP 2D6

CYP 2E1

CYP 3A4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of CYP1❓

How many subfamilies does it have❓

How many genes does it have❓

A

Drugs metab
Steroid (esp. estrogen) metab

2 subfamilies

3 genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of CYP2❓

How many subfamilies does it have❓

How many genes does it have❓

A

Drug and steroid metab

13 subfamilies

16 genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of CYP3❓

How many subfamilies does it have❓

How many genes does it have❓

A

Drug and steroid (+testosterone) metab

1 subfamily

4 genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The CYP enzyme, 1A1, is responsible for the metabolism of which drugs❓

A

Caffeine
Testosterone
R-Warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The CYP enzyme, 1A2, is responsible for the metabolism of which drugs❓

A

Acetaminophen
Caffeine
R-Warfarin

Phenacetin

17
Q

The CYP enzyme, 2A6, is responsible for the metabolism of which drugs❓

A

Testosterone

17beta-Estradiol

18
Q

The CYP enzyme, 2B6, is responsible for the metabolism of which drugs❓

A

Cyclophosphamide

Erythromycin
Testosterone

19
Q

The CYP enzyme, 2C-family, is responsible for the metabolism of which drugs❓

A

Acetaminophen
Testosterone
R-Warfarin

Phenytoin 
Zidovudine 
S-Warfarin 
Hexobarbital
Tolbutamide
20
Q

The CYP enzyme, 2E1, is responsible for the metabolism of which drugs❓

A

Acetaminophen

Caffeine

21
Q

The CYP enzyme, 2D6, is responsible for the metabolism of which drugs❓

A

Acetaminophen

Codeine

22
Q

The CYP enzyme, 3A4, is responsible for the metabolism of which drugs❓

A 
Acetaminophen 
Caffeine 
Cyclophosphamide 
Testosterone 
S and R-Warfarin 
Erythromycin 
Phenytoin 
Carbamazepine 
Cortisol 
Zidovudine
23
Q
  1. What substance can induce the action of CYP 3A4,5,7 on Felodipine❓
  2. a. What substance can inhibit it❓
    b. Will its concentration ⬆️/⬇️❓
A
  1. Glucocorticoid

2a. Grapefruit juice
b. It will increase if 3A4,5,7 is inhibited

24
Q
  1. What substance can induce the action of CYP 1A2 on Clozapine/Haloperidol❓
  2. a. What substance can inhibit it❓
    b. Will its concentration ⬆️/⬇️❓
A
  1. Tobacco smoke

2a. Cimetidine
b. It will increase if 1A2 is inhibited

25
Q

What is the risk associated with CYP enzyme inhibition❓

A 
Inhibition of enzyme
⬇️
Decreased degradation of drug
⬇️
Increased drug plasma conc.
⬇️
Risk of adverse effect
26
Q

What is the risk associated with CYP enzyme induction❓

A 
Increased degradation 
⬇️
Decreased drug plasma conc. 
⬇️
🚫pharmacological effect
⬇️
Risk of therapeutic failure
27
Q

What do tricyclic antidepressants do❓

A

⬇️serotonin reuptake

⬆️serotonin levels in cleft

28
Q

Response rates of antidepressants are low (1/3 +)

  1. True or false
  2. Why❓
  3. Give examples of TCA
  4. Give examples of SSRI
A
  1. True
  2. Biomarkers that can predict clinical efficacy or safety responses are not utilized
  3. Nortriptyline
    Imipramine
  4. Fluoxetine
    Paroxetine
29
Q

Which CYP enzyme is the most investigated with regard to antidepressant pharmacogenomics❓

A

CYP 2D6

30
Q

Hanson’s

A

Havana

31
Q
  1. Which drug group does codeine belong❓
  2. Is codeine a pro-drug❓
  3. What is it’s metabolizing enzyme❓
  4. What is the rate of deficiency of this enzyme❓
A
  1. Opioid
  2. Yes, it must be metabolized into morphine for activity
  3. CYT P450
    Allele CYP 2D6

7% of Caucasians are deficient

32
Q
  1. Which drug group does tamoxifen belong❓
  2. What is it’s metabolizing enzyme❓
  3. What is it metabolized to for its activity❓
  4. What is the rate of deficiency of this enzyme❓
A
  1. Antineoplastic (breast ca)
  2. CYP 2DE
  3. Endoxifen

6-10% European population

33
Q

What are the benefits of pharmacogenomics❓

What are it’s limitations❓

A 
1.
Max. drug efficacy 
Min. drug toxicity 
Predict pt that respond to interventions 
Aid in new drug development

2.
Costs and access to technology
Confidentiality of information

Pharmacology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions