Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Flashcards
What is pharmacogenetics?
Pharmacogenetics is the study of the genetic basis for variation in drug response and often implies large effects of a small number of DNA variants.
Which things does pharmacogenetics study?
Studies large numbers of variants, in an individual or across a population, to explain the genetic influences on drug response.
What are the main Epidemiological factors and inter-individual variation of drug response?
Ethnicity, Age, Effect of age on renal excretion drugs, Effect of age on drug metabolism, Age-related variation in sensitivity to drugs, Pregnancy and diseases
A patient’s response to a particular drug may be influenced by:
- Drug factors
- Environmental factors
- Clinical Factors
- -Genetic Factors
A Pharmacogene can influence the _____ or _____.
Can influence the pharmacokinetics or the pharmacodynamics.
A Pharmacogene include:
- Drug metabolizing enzymes
- Drug transport molecules
- Drug Targets
- Hosts of other genes
Monogenic means:
Related to or controlled by a single gene
Some drug metabolism traits behave:
- Poor metabolizers
- Intermediate metabolizers
- Normal Metabolizers
Scenarios for clinically important pharmacogenetic interactions
- Drugs metabolized by CYP2D6
- Drugs interacting w/ proteins w/ functional variability such as: ahminoglycosides, B blockers, and anti arrhythmic drugs.
- Drugs w/ differential effect depending on the broad biologic milieu.
Which drugs are metabolized by CYP2D6?
-desbrisoquine
-sparteine
-codeine
Which class of drugs interacts w/ proteins w/ functional variability?
Aminoglycosides, B blockers and anti arrhythmic drugs
Drugs w/ differential effects depending on the broad milieu:
Antimalarial drugs and rasburicase, where G6PD deficiency predicts ADRs.
Two ways that genetic variation affects drug therapy:
- pharmacokinetics
- pharmacodynamics
variation in pharmcokinetic response:
-Drug metabolism: Cyt P-450
Omeprazole and Iansoprazole are inactivated by:
CYP2C19
