Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam 1 > Cancer and genomic medicine > Flashcards

Cancer and genomic medicine Flashcards

1
Q

The abnormal division and reproduction of cells that can spread throughout the body

A

Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genetic factors + environmental factors are called:

A

Carcinogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epithelial cells, solid tumors

A

carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

muscular or connective tissue

A

sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

leukemias, lymphomas and myelomas affects the:

A

Blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neuroblastomas and gliomas affects the

A

nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carcinogenesis

A

-Genetic material (mutations)
-Division at higher rate
-Clonal division
-New mutations
-Tumor immunovigilance
-Neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Driver mutations are linked to:

A

Development/Progression of cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Driver mutations are found at higher frequencies in:

A

In the same type or even across different types of cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Example of a driver mutation:

A

TP53 gene encoding for the p53 protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Passenger mutations

A

Inferred to develop as the neoplasia progresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

______ accounts for the majority of mutations in cancer

A

Passenger mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most types of cancer are _____ and are caused by ______.

A

sporadic and caused by somatic mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Only ____ of cancer cases result from a germline mutation.

A

about of 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_____ is caused by environmental exposure to unknown factors

A

sporadic cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

No pattern of inheritance, higher frequency than expected

A

Familiar cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A pattern of inheritance is observable, younger individuals affected

A

Inherited Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which genes are related with the development of cancer?: (inherited or acquired de novo)

A
  • Proto-oncogenes
  • Tumor supressor genes
  • DNA repair genes
  • Caretakers
  • Gatekeepers
  • Landscapers
19
Q

Proto-oncogenes promote___ and ___

A

growth and cell division

20
Q

Proto-oncogenes are:

A

cell division and cell cycle regulators

21
Q

When the activity and growth is not controlled the photo-oncogenes are considered as:

A

Oncogenes

22
Q

Oncogenes examples:

A
  • K-ras
  • Cyclins
  • CDK
  • c-myc
  • c-erbB
23
Q

Tumor supressor genes role

A

Are considered as protective genes, because limit the cell growth

Slow down the cell division or tell cells when die

24
Q

examples of Tumor suppressor genes

A

-BRCA1
-BRCA2
-P53

25
Q

DNA repair genes

A

correct the mistakes occurred during the replication

26
Q

DNA repair genes are more sensitive to

A

more sensitive to agents that damage DNA

27
Q

The caretakers keeping_____ healthy.

A

keeping other genes healthy

28
Q

Gatekeepers _____ or _____ cell growth.

A

controlling or inhibiting

29
Q

Landscapers

A

fostering a stromal environment conductive to unregulated cell proliferation

30
Q

RB is also known as the____

A

Governor of the cell cycle

31
Q

RB is a key negative regulator of the ____ cell cycle transition.

A

G1/S regulator

32
Q

RB is directly or indirectly inactivated in most_______.

A

human cancers

33
Q

RB diagram

A
34
Q

TP53 is also known as the

A

Guardian of the genome.

35
Q

TP53 regulates:

A

-cell cycle progression
-DNA repair
-Cellular senescence
-Apoptosis

36
Q

_____ is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers.

A

TP53

37
Q

W/ loss of ____ function, DNA damage goes unrepaired, driver mutations accumulate in oncogenes and other cancer genes.

A

p53

38
Q

TP53 diagram

A
39
Q

Chromosomal changes

A

-Translocations
-Deletions
-Gene amplification

40
Q

Translocations are the activation of_____ (by promoter or enhancer substitution, by formation of a fusion gene.

A

Translocations are the location of proto-oncogenes.

41
Q

Not all deletions lead to______

A

Loss of gene function, a few activate oncogenes.

42
Q

Gene amplification: Reduplication and amplification of their DNA sequences. (multiple small extrachromosomal structures called double minutes and homogeneous regions.

A

Gene amplification

43
Q

Epimutations are

A

A change in the chemical structure of DNA that does not change the DNA coding sequence. Epimutations occur in the body when chemical groups called methyl groups are added to or removed from DNA or when changes are made to proteins called histones that bind to the DNA in chromosomes

44
Q
A

Exam 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions