Important concepts and principles in quantitative designs

Question 1

Steps in the Research Process

Answer 1

-Identify the problem or -research question.
-Determine the purpose of the study.
-Search and review the literature relating to the question and develop a framework.
-Define and refine the research question, or formulate a research hypothesis.
-Select the research method and determine the design of the study.
-Specify the group of research participants or elements to be studied.
-Conduct a ‘dummy’ run or pilot study of the research
Analyze the dataInterpret the results
-Communicate the research findings

Question 2

What is the ultimate aim of research in health sciences?

Answer 2

To provide strong evidence on which the practice of quality care can be based.

Question 3

What are the characteristics of a “good” research question?

Answer 3

Specific/precise
Not too narrow or too broad

Question 4

What is quantitative methods research?

Answer 4

Quantitative research involves determining relationships between or within variables

Question 5

What is the definition of quantitative research?

Answer 5

Quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena using statistical, mathematical, or numerical data or computational techniques.

Question 6

What is the methodology of quantitative research?

Answer 6

exact and natural sciences (Quantification, measurement)

Question 7

Quantitative research aim to…

Answer 7

reject the null hypothesis

Question 8

Quantitative data is any data that is in…

Answer 8

Numerical form

Question 9

What does quantitative research mean in simple terms?

Answer 9

The researcher asks a specific, narrow question and collects numerical data from observable phenomena or participants to answer that question.

Question 10

How does a researcher analyze data in quantitative research?

Answer 10

The researcher uses statistics to analyze the data, aiming for unbiased results that can be generalized to a larger population.

Question 11

What is the process of conducting quantitative research?

Answer 11

-Sequential: Every phase precedes the next in a rigorous order.
-Fundaments: Literature review is required before study delimitation.
-Delimitation: Objectives derived from research questions.
-Starting point: Hypothesis.
-Study design: Created to prove the hypothesis, variables are measured in context.
-Analysis: Measurements are analyzed statistically, and conclusions are based on the hypothesis.

Question 12

Quantitative Research (process)

Answer 12

Question 13

Quantitative designs classifications

Answer 13

-Cross-sectional study
-Longitudinal study
-Prospective study
-Retrospective study

Question 14

What is a cross-sectional study?

Answer 14

study conducted at a specific point in time, which is non-current in nature.

Question 15

What is a longitudinal study?

Answer 15

A study conducted over an extended period of time where data are collected from one sample at different points in time. It is predominantly descriptive and explanatory in nature.

Question 16

What distinguishes a prospective study from a retrospective study?

Answer 16

In a prospective study, data about a presumed cause are collected first, and the effect or outcome is measured afterward. In a retrospective study, data on a current outcome are collected and then linked back to past determinants.

Question 17

Qualitative methodology vs quantitative

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the principle of rigour in scientific research?

Answer 18

Rigour demands a systematic approach to research design and an awareness of the importance of interpretation.
It includes features like validity (accuracy of results), reliability (consistency of results using the same methods), and precision.

Question 19

What does causality refer to in scientific research?

Answer 19

Causality refers to the causal relationship between variables, meaning that causes lead to effects. For example, smoking causes lung cancer.

Question 20

What is probability in the context of scientific research?

Answer 20

Probability refers to relative causality, indicating that while a particular cause will probably result in a specific effect, it may not always produce that effect each time.